{"id":67604,"date":"2026-08-20T08:02:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T08:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=67604"},"modified":"2026-08-20T08:02:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T08:02:06","slug":"%e9%9d%92%e8%92%bf%e7%b4%a0%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0%e5%92%8c%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=67604","title":{"rendered":"\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5f00\u53d1"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-post-featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5f00\u53d1 - \u7b2c1\u5f20  | \u4e2d\u836f\u517b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6-\u4e2d\u8349\u836f\u7684\u529f\u6548\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\" alt=\"\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5f00\u53d1 - \u7b2c1\u5f20  | \u4e2d\u836f\u517b\u751f\u77e5\u8bc6-\u4e2d\u8349\u836f\u7684\u529f\u6548\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\" data-perfmatters-preload width=\"720\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/jiankangpaidu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot_20251007-124721_Chrome.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image no-lazy\" alt style=\"object-fit:cover\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/CSB\/home\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u901a\u62a5<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/CSB\/issue\/62\/18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7b2c62\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c18\u671f\uff1a\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/CSB\/issue\/62\/18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>1914-1927\u5e74\uff082017\u5e74\uff09\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5f00\u53d1<\/em>&nbsp;<em><\/em>&nbsp;<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/marketplace.copyright.com\/rs-ui-web\/mp\/search\/all\/10.1360%2fN972017-00320\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/h1>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>\u8881\u4e9a\u6960<\/a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a>\u59dc\u5ef7\u4eae<\/a>&nbsp;<sup>*<\/sup>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a>\u5468\u661f<\/a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a>\u5218\u82f1<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6536\u7a3f\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2017\u5e743\u670821\u65e5 \u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2017\u5e744\u670812\u65e5 \u5728\u7ebf\u53d1\u5e03\u65e5\u671f\uff1a2017\u5e745\u670817\u65e5&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1360\/N972017-00320\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1360\/N972017-00320<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>\u00a0PDF<\/a>\u00a0|<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciengine.com\/doi\/articleIndex\/10.1360\/N972017-00320\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u6807<\/a>\u79d1\u5927\u8baf\u98de\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08\u79d1\u5927\u8baf\u98de\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff09<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u62bd\u8c61\u7684<\/h5>\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-001\"><\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u759f\u75be\u662f\u7ecf\u868a\u866b\u53ee\u54ac\u6216\u8f93\u5165\u5e26\u759f\u539f\u866b\u8005\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u800c\u611f\u67d3\u759f\u539f\u866b\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u866b\u5a92\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5. \u5bc4\u751f\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u7684\u759f\u539f\u866b\u67095\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u95f4\u65e5\u759f\u539f\u866b\u3001\u4e09\u65e5\u759f\u539f\u866b\u3001\u6d88\u706d\u759f\u539f\u866b\u3001\u5375\u5f62\u759f\u539f\u866b\u548c\u8bfa\u6c0f\u759f\u539f\u866b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5f15\u8d77\u95f4\u65e5\u759f\u3001\u4e09\u65e5\u759f\u3001\u759f\u539f\u866b\u3001\u5375\u5706\u759f\u53ca\u8bfa\u6c0f\u759f\u3002 \u6211\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u95f4\u65e5\u6d88\u9664\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u6d88\u9664\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u759f\u75be\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027, \u7279\u522b\u662f\u70ed\u5e26\u3001\u4e9a\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u75c5, \u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7(World Health Organization, WHO)\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u7ed3\u6838\u4e00\u8d77\u5217\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e09\u5927\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898. \u516c\u5143\u524d2, 3\u4e16\u7eaa, \u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u759f\u75be\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0, \u5f53\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u759f\u75be\u662f\u6cbc\u6cfd\u5730\u6563\u53d1\u7684\u6d4a\u6c14\u6240\u5f15\u53d1, \u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u759f\u75be\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cmalaria\u201d, \u5373\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u201c\u574f\u7a7a\u6c14\u201d\u4e4b\u610f. \u4ece\u516c\u51434\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb, \u759f\u75be\u6210\u4e86\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u75c5, \u4e00\u76f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c. 19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f, \u5370\u5ea6\u6bcf\u5e74\u903e100\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u759f\u75be.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u636eWHO\u4f30\u6d4b, 2000\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u4ecd\u670932\u4ebf\u4eba\u53e3\u53d7\u5230\u759f\u75be\u5a01\u80c1(\u7ea6\u5360\u4e16\u754c\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768440%\u4ee5\u4e0a), 106\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u53d7\u7d2f. \u5f53\u5e74\u759f\u75be\u53d1\u75c52.62\u4ebf(2.05\u4ebf~3.16\u4ebf)\u4f8b, \u5176\u4e2d, \u975e\u6d32\u5360\u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u6570\u768488%\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u536010%\u3001\u4e1c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u53602%; \u81f4\u6b7b83.9\u4e07(65.3\u4e07~110\u4e07)\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c72.3\u4e07(56.3\u4e07~94.8\u4e07)\u4eba\u662f5\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-002002\">1.2&nbsp;\u4e2d\u5916\u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u7684\u9632\u6cbb<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u759f\u75be\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u533b\u7c4d\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6700\u65e9\u6700\u8be6\u7684\u75c5\u79cd. \u300a\u7d20\u95ee\u00b7\u759f\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u300a\u7d20\u95ee\u00b7\u523a\u759f\u8bba\u300b\u7b49\u4e13\u7bc7\u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\u3001\u75c5\u673a\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u3001\u6cbb\u6cd5\u7b49\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0. \u4e4b\u540e, \u6c49\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u8981\u7565\u00b7\u759f\u75be\u8109\u8bc1\u5e76\u6cbb\u300b\u3001\u968b\u300a\u8bf8\u75c5\u6e90\u5019\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u5357\u5b8b\u300a\u4e09\u56e0\u6781\u4e00\u75c5\u8bc1\u65b9\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u5143\u300a\u8109\u56e0\u8bc1\u6cbb\u300b\u3001\u660e\u300a\u8bc1\u6cbb\u51c6\u7ef3\u300b\u3001\u300a\u666f\u5cb3\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u3001\u300a\u75c7\u56e0\u8109\u6cbb\u300b\u3001\u6e05\u300a\u759f\u75be\u8bba\u300b\u7b49\u5bf9\u75c5\u673a\u3001\u8bc1\u5019\u3001\u6cbb\u5219\u6cbb\u6cd5\u3001\u65b9\u836f\u5747\u6709\u9610\u53d1; \u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8098\u540e\u5907\u6025\u65b9\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5343\u91d1\u8981\u65b9\u300b\u7b49\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u5e38\u5c71\u53ca\u5176\u679d\u5ae9\u53f6\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u548c\u9a6c\u97ad\u8349\u7b49\u622a\u759f\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u6cbb\u759f\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1888\u5e74, \u6cd5\u56fd\u519b\u533bCharles Louis Alphonse Laveran(\u590f\u5c14\u00b7\u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u963f\u65b9\u7d22\u00b7\u62c9\u97e6\u6717)\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005\u8840\u6db2\u7684\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u759f\u539f\u866b. 1897\u5e74, \u82f1\u56fd\u533b\u751fRonald Ross(\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u7f57\u65af)\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6309\u868a\u662f\u759f\u539f\u866b\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4ecb(\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u83b71907\u548c1902\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956)\u4ee5\u524d, \u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u79d8\u9c81\u7684\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5df2\u7528\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u6811\u76ae\u6297\u75c5\u9000\u70e7, \u636e\u8bf4\u57281630\u5e74\u7528\u5176\u6cbb\u597d\u4e86\u9a7b\u79d8\u9c81\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u603b\u7763\u592b\u4ebaChinchon\u7684\u759f\u75be\u800c\u4f20\u5165\u6b27\u6d32. \u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6797\u5948\u5948\u5c06\u6811\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u9e21\u7eb3(chinchona)\u201d\u3002 1820\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6Pierre J. Pelletier\u548cJoseph B. Caventou\u5206\u79bb\u83b7\u5f97\u542b\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6297\u759f\u6210\u5206\u594e\u5b81\uff08\u91d1\u9e21\u7eb3\u971c\uff09\u3002 1934\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c49\u65af\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u8428\u683c\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u5728\u594e\u5b81\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u594e\u5b81\u3002 \u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7184\u706b\u6297\u706b\u707e\u5b89\u5168\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1945\u5e74\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u6c2f\u55b9\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u759f\u539f\u866b\u7684DNA\u590d\u5236\u3001\u7834\u574f\u5176\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u9176\u800c\u7597\u6548\u663e\u8457, \u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be\u7684\u7279\u6548\u836f\u7269. \u4f46\u4ece1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u5f00\u59cb, \u759f\u539f\u866b\u5bf9\u6c2f\u55b9\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u6297\u836f\u6027, \u4ece\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u5357\u7f8e\u5230\u975e\u6d32\u6ce2\u53ca\u5168\u7403, \u759f\u75be\u8086\u8650\u53c8\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236, \u4eba\u4eec\u76fc\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-002003\">1.3&nbsp;\u8d8a\u5357\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u201c523\u201d\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3, \u759f\u75be\u5bf9\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4f24\u5bb3\u5f88\u5927, \u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u519b\u4e8b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u75ab\u75c5\u4e4b\u4e00. \u8700\u6c49\u8bf8\u845b\u4eae\u56e0\u7634\u800c\u63a8\u8fdf\u5357\u5f81\u3002 \u5510\u7384\u5b97\u6d3e\u674e\u5b93\u7387\u4e03\u4e07\u5927\u519b\u5f81\u4f10\u5357\u8bcf\uff0c\u56e0\u7634\u75ab\u7b49\u5168\u519b\u7686\u6ca1\u3002 \u5143\u671d\u5927\u5fb7\u548c\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u95f4\u5411\u5357\u65b9\u7528\u5175, \u6570\u5ea6\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u800c\u632b, \u6709\u65f6\u7adf\u201c\u53ca\u81f3\u672a\u6218, \u58eb\u5352\u6b7b\u8005\u5341\u5df2\u4e03\u516b\u201d. \u636e\u62a5\u9053, \u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u6709131.6\u4e07\u4eba\u611f\u67d3\u759f\u75be, \u5176\u4e2d\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4, \u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u9a7b\u519b\u4e2d\u67096\u4e07\u4eba\u6b7b\u4e8e\u759f\u75be.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1961\u5e745\u6708, \u7f8e\u56fd\u6d3e\u9063\u7279\u79cd\u90e8\u961f\u8fdb\u5165\u5357\u8d8a, \u52301973\u5e741\u6708\u5df4\u9ece\u56db\u65b9\u4f1a\u8c08\u7ed3\u675f\u8d8a\u6218\u30011975\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u519b\u5b8c\u6bd5, \u5386\u65f614\u5e74, \u7f8e\u519b\u8eab\u53d7\u759f\u75be\u4e4b\u82e6. \u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u9000\u4f0d\u519b\u4eba\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u8d44\u6599, 1967~1970\u5e74, \u7f8e\u519b\u611f\u67d3\u759f\u75be4\u4e07\u4f59\u4f8b. \u7531\u759f\u75be\u9020\u6210\u7684\u975e\u6218\u6597\u51cf\u5458\u6bd4\u6218\u4f24\u51cf\u5458\u9ad8\u51fa4~5\u500d. \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7814\u7a76\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u836f\u4f01\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u5bf9\u6c2f\u7184\u706d\u706d\u866b\u539f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81f31972\u5e74\uff0c\u7b5b\u9009\u4e8620\u4f59\u79cd\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u83b7\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8d8a\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u56f0\u6270\u3002 \u636e\u6cb3\u5185\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u95e8\u7edf\u8ba1, 1961~1968\u5e74\u8d8a\u5357\u519b\u961f\u4f24\u75c5\u5458\u6bd4\u4f8b, \u96641968\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5916, \u75c5\u5458\u5747\u8fdc\u8d85\u4f24\u5458, \u75c5\u5458\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u60a3\u759f\u75be. 1964\u5e74, \u8d8a\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u5411\u6211\u56fd\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u63d0\u51fa, \u5e0c\u671b\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u90e8\u961f\u53d7\u759f\u75be\u56f0\u6270\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898. \u6211\u4e2d\u592e\u9886\u5bfc\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64, \u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6307\u793a\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u8981\u628a\u89e3\u51b3\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u90e8\u961f\u53d7\u759f\u75be\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u90e8\u961f\u6218\u6597\u529b\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u63f4\u5916\u6218\u5907\u4efb\u52a1\u7acb\u9879. \u7814\u5236\u65b0\u578b\u9632\u6cbb\u759f\u75be\u836f\u7269, \u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u533b\u836f\u79d1\u6280\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u540e, \u7531\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u548c\u8270\u5de8\u6027, \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u603b\u540e\u52e4\u90e8\u5546\u8bf7\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a, \u4f1a\u540c\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u3001\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u3001\u524d\u56fd\u9632\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662, \u4e8e1967\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\u5728\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u759f\u75be\u9632\u6cbb\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u534f\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d, \u901a\u8fc7\u519b\u6c11\u5408\u4f5c, \u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u5c5e\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u5236\u836f\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d, \u8ba8\u8bba\u786e\u5b9a3\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212, \u5f00\u53d1\u9632\u6cbb\u759f\u75be\u836f\u7269,\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53ca\u5176\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7d27\u6025\u519b\u5de5\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff0c\u5f00\u4f1a\u65e5\u671f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u53f7\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c523\u201d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u67097\u4e2a\u7701\u5e02\u548c\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u5c5e\u5355\u4f4d\u5168\u9762\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u7684\u8c03\u7814\u666e\u67e5\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81f31969\u5e74\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u5305\u62ec\u9752\u84bf\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4e2d\u8349\u836f\u6709\u4f59\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003\">2&nbsp;\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u6210\u679c<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5230\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u590d\u65b9\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u3001\u53d7\u4e2d\u533b\u5178\u7c4d\u878d\u5408\u542f\u793a\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u65b0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u7740\u4e00\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8270\u8f9b\u548c\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u4e8b\u4e1a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8c08\u5230\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u539f\u79f0\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff09\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003001\">2.1&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u6297\u759f\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u5b66\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7a81\u7834<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u4e00)\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 1969\u5e741\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u7531\u4e3b\u4efb\u767d\u51b0\u79cb\u3001\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u5f20\u5251\u65b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u7530\u8f9b\u7b49\u4eba\u5230\u8bbf\u524d\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d)\uff0c\u5546\u8bf7\u8be5\u9662\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u9879\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 \u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\u4ea4\u7531\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u4e2d\u836f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u201d\uff09\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u667a\u529b\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e3a\u4e2d\u836f\u6297\u759f\u7814\u7a76\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2171) \u6536\u96c6\u68b3\u7406\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u9632\u6cbb\u759f\u75be\u7684\u53e4\u4eca\u65b9\u5242\u548c\u836f\u7269\u8d44\u6599. \u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u836f\u6297\u759f\u7814\u7a76\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u6574\u7406\u5386\u4ee3\u533b\u7c4d\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u7fa4\u4f17\u732e\u65b9\uff0c\u8bf7\u6559\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002 \u4ec5\u75283\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4, \u6536\u96c6\u52302000\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u836f, \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u94fa\u57ab, \u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7cbe\u9009\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u9752\u84bf\u5728\u5185\u7684640\u4e2a\u65b9\u836f\u7684\u300a\u759f\u75be\u5355\u79d8\u9a8c\u65b9\u96c6\u300b, \u4ee5\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9769\u547d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec4\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6cb9\u5370\u6210\u518c, \u4e8e1969\u5e744\u6708\u9001\u4ea4\u5168\u56fd\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4, \u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u8f6c\u9001\u76f8\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\u53c2\u8003.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2172)\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76(1969~1970\u5e74)\u3002 \u8bf4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u662f\u914d\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u201c523\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u3001\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u6709\u6297\u759f\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u5e38\u5c71\u78b1\u9020\u6210\u4e2d\u6bd2\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u51cf\u6bd2\u3001\u5408\u9002\u7684\u914d\u4f0d\u4e2d\u836f\u3002 \u5979\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u6b62\u54b3\u529f\u6548\u7684\u4e2d\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\u5e38\u5c71\u78b1\u3001\u5728\u9e3d\u5b50\uff08\u54e5\u4f26\u5df4)\u53ca\u732b(\u732b\u4e9a\u79d1\uff09\u7684\u5455\u5410\u6a21\u578b\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u836f\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u9e3d\u5b50\u7684\u5455\u5410\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u5bf9\u732b\u5455\u5410\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u672c\u65e0\u6548\u3002 \u968f\u540e\u968f\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u52a0\u5165\uff0c1969\u5e745\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5236\u5907\u591a\u79cd\u4e2d\u836f\u7684\u6c34\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\uff0c\u9001\u8bf7\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u201c236\u201d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u75ab\u6d3b\u6027\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u80e1\u6912\u4e59\u9187\u7269\u63d0\u53d6\u9f20\u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u539f\u866b\u963b\u65ad\u7387\u8fbe84%\u3002 1969\u5e747\u6708, \u65f6\u503c\u759f\u75be\u6d41\u884c\u5b63\u8282, \u5168\u56fd\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u53c2\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u53bb\u6d77\u5357\u759f\u75be\u75ab\u533a\u73b0\u573a\u4f53\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5, \u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u5e26\u53bb\u6297\u759f\u6d3b\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u80e1\u6912\u53ca\u8fa3\u6912\u52a0\u660e\u77fe\u505a\u4e34\u5e8a\u7597\u6548\u89c2\u5bdf. \u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u3001\u90ce\u6797\u798f\u3001\u4f59\u4e9a\u7eb23\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u759f\u533a\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u53d1\u73b0, \u5bf9\u9f20\u759f\u759f\u539f\u866b\u6291\u5236\u7387\u8fbe80%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u80e1\u6912\u548c\u8fa3\u6912\u52a0\u660e\u77fe\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5236\u5907\u6837\u54c1, \u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6, \u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u759f\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634. \u4efb\u52a1\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6388\u4e88\u201c\u4e94\u597d\u684c\u9762\u56fe\u6807\u201d\u5956\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1970\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u5f00\u5c55\u5bf9\u80e1\u6912\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u201c236\u201d\u7684\u987e\u56fd\u660e\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4eca\u5e746\u6708\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9001\u80e1\u6912\u7b49\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u72694\u6279\u6837\u54c1\u7ed9\u201c236\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u6027\u6d4b\u5b9a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u80e1\u6912\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6d3b\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6210\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u867d\u7136\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u6d3b\u6027\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u6c2f\u55b9\u3002 6\u6708\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5230\u9f9f\u677f\u3001\u9cd6\u7532\u3001\u4e94\u7075\u8102\u3001\u591c\u660e\u7802\u3001\u5ddd\u8349\u4e4c\u3001\u963f\u9b4f\u3001\u9ec4\u4e39\u3001\u96c4\u9ec4\u7b49\u690d\u7269\u548c\u77ff\u7269\u836f\uff0c\u6709\u4f46\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u6bd2\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u540c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e0e\u4f59\u4e9a\u7eb2\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u7b5b\u9009\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7531\u4f59\u4e9a\u7eb2\u8d1f\u8d23\u77ff\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u836f\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u8d1f\u8d23\u690d\u7269\u836f\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u7b5b\u9009\u5de5\u4f5c\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u4ec5\u7b5b\u9009\u4e8630\u591a\u4e2a\u6837\u54c1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u9996\u6b21\u505a\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u4e59\u9187\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u539f\u866b\u6291\u5236\u7387\u8fbe68%\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u614e\u91cd\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002 \u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u670d\u8ba1\u5212\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e1973\u5e747\u670821\u65e5~8\u670810\u65e5\uff0c4\u540d\u79d1\u7814\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u8bd5\u670d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u672a\u89c1\u660e\u663e\u6bd2\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u53ca\u4eba\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u6297\u759f\u836f\u5373\u5c06\u8bde\u751f\u3002 \u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7fd8\u9996\u4ee5\u76fc\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e09\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u628a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7247\u6218\u58eb\u9001\u5f80\u6d77\u5357\u73b0\u573a\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5df2\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u533b\u7597\u961f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 1973\u5e748\u670810\u65e5~10\u670815\u65e5, \u7528\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u6765\u4eba\u53e3\u759f\u75be8\u4f8b. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u5206\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684, 9\u670822\u65e5\u524d, \u89c2\u5bdf\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7247\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u6765\u4eba\u53e3\u6076\u6027\u759f\u75be5\u4f8b, \u7ed3\u679c1\u4f8b\u6709\u6548, 2\u4f8b\u8840\u4e2d\u759f\u539f\u866b\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u6240\u964d\u4f4e, 2\u4f8b\u65e0\u6548, \u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3. \u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u56de\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u539f\u56e0\u3002 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1974\u5e7411\u6708\u223c1975\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6536\u6cbb18\u4f8b\u60a3\u8005\uff1b \u5176\u4e2d\u6076\u6027\u759f14\u4f8b(\u5305\u62ec3\u4f8b\u51f6\u9669\u578b\u759f\u75be), \u95f4\u65e5\u759f4\u4f8b, \u5747\u83b7\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2172)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 1975\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u53ec\u5f00\u4e2d\u8349\u836f\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u524d\u5321\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u9752\u63f4\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ece\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u3001\u836f\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5236\u5242\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u89c4\u683c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u5404\u5730\u533a\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u52a0\u5de5, \u5236\u5907\u5404\u79cd\u5242\u578b, \u6269\u5927\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u7528, \u5728\u4e91\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c(\u6d77\u5357)\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u5e7f\u897f, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8001\u631d\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u6cbb\u7597\u6076\u6027\u759f\u3001\u95f4\u65e5\u759f\u7b49\u5404\u7c7b\u759f\u75be\u51716550\u591a\u4f8b, \u5176\u4e2d\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6cbb\u75972099\u4f8b\u5747\u53d6\u5f97\u6ee1\u610f\u7ed3\u679c. \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u9885\u5242\u548c\u6ce8\u5c04\u5242\u8fd1\u671f\u5eb7\u590d\u9700\u6c42\u8fbe\u5230100%\uff1b \u7b80\u6613\u836f\u5242\u578b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u7a33\u5b9a\u572880%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2173)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6813\u5242\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\u3002 \u81ea1972\u5e74\u5e95\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u30011973\u5e7410\u6708\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u7528, \u52301975\u5e74\u5e95, \u5168\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7597\u8d85\u8fc7900\u4f8b\u759f\u75be, \u5448\u73b0\u901f\u6548\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u4f4e\u6bd2\u7684\u7279\u70b9, \u4f53\u5185\u6d88\u9664\u5feb\u3001\u590d\u71c3\u8f83\u9ad8. \u8def\u5f84\u4ece\u53e3\u8154\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u808c\u6ce8\u3001\u9f3b\u9972\u548c\u76f4\u80a0\u704c\u6ce8\u3002 1978\u5e74\u548c1979\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u5341\u652f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6cb9\u5242\u9488\u4f9b\u7d27\u6025\u6218\u5907\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1976\u5e74\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5236\u6210\u6813\u5242\uff0c1982~1984\u5e74\u76f4\u80a0\u5236\u5242\u6cbb\u7597358\u4f8b\u759f\u75be\u3001105\u4f8b\u95f4\u65e5\u759f\u5747\u53d6\u5f97\u6ee1\u610f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 1985\u5e746\u670816\u65e5\u524d\u540e\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u5206\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4f1a\u8bd5\u8bc4\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6813\u5242\uff0c1986\u5e7410\u6708\u83b7\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6813\u5242\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u6279\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003002\">2.4&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u786e\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u62401972\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u4ece\u9752\u84bf\u6709\u6548\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u7eaf\u5316\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u540e\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5373\u7740\u624b\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002 1973\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\uff0c\u5df2\u505a\u4e86\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u65cb\u5149\u5ea6\u503c\u4e0e\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u65e0\u6c2e\uff0c\u6709\u2013C=O\uff0c\u2013OH\u53caCH&nbsp;<sub>3<\/sub>\u7b49\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u542b\u6c2e\u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7c7b\u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1b \u540c\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u5f0fC&nbsp;<sub>15<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>22<\/sub>&nbsp;O&nbsp;<sub>5<\/sub>\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a282\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u590d\u6838\u3002 1973\u5e749\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u548c\u502a\u6155\u4e91\u5c31\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u786c\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u5317\u4eac\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u6797\u542f\u5bff\u6559\u6388\u8bf7\u76ca\u3002 \u6797\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u7684\u500d\u534a\u841c\u7c7b\u65b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6297\u77ed\u8def\u6210\u5206\u3001\u5916\u89c2\u786e\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u57fa\u56e2\u53ca\u5236\u4f5c\u9020\u578b\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e86\u5efa\u8bae\u3002 1973\u5e749\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u5185\u916f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5bf9\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94a0\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd8\u539f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff08\u73b0\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u53d1\u5c55\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u663e\u7136\u6253\u57fa\u7840\u57fa\u7840<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u662f\u500d\u534a\u841c\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5f97\u8be6\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u6240\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u6240\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c1973\u5e748\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u524d\u5f80\u8be5\u6240\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f00\u5c55\u534f\u4f5c\u3002 1974\u5e741\u6708\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u6240\u51fd\u590d\u540c\u610f\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e00\u4eba\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u62df\u7531\u8be5\u6240\u5468\u7ef4\u5584\u6559\u6388\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5434\u7167\u534e\u548c\u5434\u6bd3\u6797\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002 \u4f46\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u5927\u91cf\u6eb6\u5242\u63a5\u89e6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u5ea6\u4e2d\u6bd2\u800c\u672a\u6210\u884c\u3002 \u4ece1974\u5e742\u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u5148\u6709\u502a\u6155\u4e91\u3001\u540e\u6709\u949f\u88d5\u84c9\u3001\u5218\u9759\u660e\u3001\u6a0a\u83ca\u82ac\u524d\u5f80\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u534f\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 1974\u5e742\u6708\u502a\u6155\u4e91\u51fa\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6837\u54c1\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u7ea2\u5916\u3001MS\u3001\u5143\u7d20\u5206\u6790\u3001NMR\u7b49\u56fe\u8c31\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u590d\u6838\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5317\u4eac\u5df2\u505a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u6240\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u6f14\u793a\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u56e2\u548c\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1974\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u5f97\u77e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u578bX\u5c04\u7ebf\u4eea\u53ef\u4f5c\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5546\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u3002 1975\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6240\u674e\u9e4f\u98de\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6784\u578b\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u8be5\u6240\u6881\u4e3d\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5X\u5c04\u7ebf\u53cd\u5e38\u5bfc\u7535\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u6784\u578b\uff1b 1976\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u4e2d\u836f\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u9080\u8bf7\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6881\u6653\u5929\u6559\u6388\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u540c\u6708\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u6240\u674e\u9e4f\u98de\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u6240\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7531\u8be5\u6240\u5468\u7ef4\u5584\u3001\u5434\u6bd3\u6797\u3001\u5434\u7167\u534e\u7b49\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\uff1a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec5\u7531\u78b3\u3001\u6c22\u3001\u6c273\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u56e2\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u500d\u534a\u841c\u5185\u916f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1977\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e0a\u62a5\u524d\u987b\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u534f\u4f5c\u7ec4\u201d\u540d\u4e49\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u500d\u534a\u841c\u5185\u916f\u2014\u2014\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u300b\u4e3a\u9898\uff0c\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7b2c3\u671f\u4e0a\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003003\">2.5&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u6325\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u578b\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u6548\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u9274\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u53ca\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2170)\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3002 1973\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7ecf\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94a0\u6d88\u5931\u3001\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff08\u65f6\u79f0\u8fd8\u539f\u5f0f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e3aC&nbsp;<sub>15<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>24<\/sub>&nbsp;O&nbsp;<sub>5<\/sub>\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e3a284\uff0c\u5bf9\u9f20\u761f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f3a\u4e8e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e2d\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u6280\u672f\u57fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u8fd8\u539f\u6297\u759f\u6548\u679c\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u589e\u52a0\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u500d\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u540e\u7eed\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u56e2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c03\u8272\u57fa\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u84bf\u7532\u919a\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u916f\u7b49\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5373\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e3a\u524d\u4f53\u5408\u6210\u7684\u3002 1985\u5e74\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u53d1\u4ef7\u503c\u3002 \u4e34\u5e8a\u4ee5\u6210\u4eba\u4e00\u6b21\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20120\u6beb\u514b\uff0c\u6e05\u966495%\u6d88\u9664\u539f\u866b\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u574716\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u9752\u84bf\u821e\u8e48\u672c\u4f53\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u6216\u84bf\u7532\u4e59\u919a\u5207\u9664\u6ce8\u5c04\u6740\u866b\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b \u4ee5\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5899\uff0c3 d \u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u5242\u91cf 240 mg\uff0c5 d \u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u5242\u91cf 360 mg \u6216 7 d \u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u5242\u91cf 480 mg\uff0c\u5171\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be 349 \u4f8b\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f4 14~24 h\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f4 64.9~69.2 h\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u590d\u71c3\u7387\u5728 2.0%\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u65e0\u6bd2\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002 1992\u5e747\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7247\u5242\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u7b2c\u516d\u5236\u836f\u5382\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u6cf0\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5e02\u573a\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\u201c\u79d1\u6cf0\u65b0\u7247\uff08cotexin\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u4e8c)\u4ee5\u592a\u3002 1976\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u3002 \u540c\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u201c523\u201d\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e0b\u8fbe\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u9020\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7531\u8be5\u6240\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u690d\u5316\u3001\u836f\u7406\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u3002 \u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c1976\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u82f1\u7b49\u4eba\u7528\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5176\u4e59\u919a\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u916f\u7c7b\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u916f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u690d\u7269\u6cb9\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u624b\u672f\u6ce8\u5c04\uff0c\u5728\u9f20\u759f\uff08\u4f2f\u6c0f\u759f\u539f\u866b\uff09\u6297\u6c2f\u7a7a\u767d\u682a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e59\u919a\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u919a\u4e59\u919a\u5747\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u65ad\u8def\u5668\u539f\u866b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b \u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u7532\u919a\u6d3b\u6027\u5f3a\u3001\u5728\u6cb9\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u5927\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6545\u786e\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 1978\u5e747\u6708~9\u6708\u5728\u6d77\u5357\u4e34\u5e8a\u521d\u8bd5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7531\u4e91\u5357\u6606\u660e\u5236\u836f\u5382\u8bd5\u751f\u4ea7\u3002 \u4ece1978~1980\u5e74, \u5728\u743c\u3001\u6ec7\u3001\u6842\u3001\u9102\u3001\u8c6b\u7b49\u5730\u4ee5\u6cb9\u9488\u5242\u6269\u5927\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c, \u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u80051088\u4f8b, \u5176\u4e2d, \u6076\u6027\u759f829\u4f8b, 3~4 d\u7597\u7a0b\u603b\u5242\u91cf600~640 mg, \u8fd1\u671f\u6cbb\u6108\u7387100%, \u6708\u590d\u71c3\u73877.8%. 1981\u5e741\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u9274\u5b9a\u3002 \u540e\u6309\u524d\u7167\u300a\u65b0\u836f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7597\u6d88\u80bf315\u4f8b\uff0c5d\u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u5242\u91cf480mg\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u6708\uff0828d\uff09\u590d\u71c3\u73877.4%\u3002 1987\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u6606\u660e\u5236\u836f\u5382\u83b7\u5f97\u4e59\u919a\u539f\u6599\u53ca\u6ce8\u5c04\u5242\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 \u7ee7\u800c\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u548c1996\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u80f6\u56ca\u5242\u5176\u9884\u9632\u5438\u8840\u866b\u75c5\u65b0\u9002\u5e94\u75c7\uff0c\u53c8\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u518d\u83b7\u5f97\u7247\u5242\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2172) \u9752\u84bf\u8721\u70db\u5e08\u3002 1977\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u6842\u6797\u5236\u836f\u5382\u5218\u65ed\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e0a\u6d77\u836f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6807\u7b7e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u51dd\u80f6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u51dd\u80f6\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u540c\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94be\u4ee3\u66ff\u787c\u6c22\u5316\u94a0\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u7425\u73c0\u9178\u534a\u916f\uff08\u5373\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff09\uff0c\u9f20\u759f\u7684\u6297\u759f\u529f\u6548\u4ef7\u4e3a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3002 1978\u5e747\u6708\u5c06\u9752\u84bf\u918b\u5236\u6210\u7247\u5242\u3001\u5176\u94a0\u76d0\u5236\u6210\u4f9b\u6ce8\u5c04\u7684\u7c89\u9488\u5242\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e34\u5e8a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002 \u59cb\u4ee53 d\u7597\u7a0b\u603b\u5242\u91cf300 mg\u808c\u6ce832\u4f8b\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005, \u6709\u6548; \u7ee7\u800c\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4e24\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u9759\u6ce8\u3001\u808c\u6ce8\u3001\u5207\u7247\u5242\u7b49\u6cbb\u7597284\u4f8b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002 1980\u5e7411\u6708\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u9274\u5b9a\u3002 1985~1986\u5e74\u6309\u300a\u65b0\u836f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u529e\u6cd5\u300b, \u5728\u2162\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e2d\u4ee53 d\u603b\u5242\u91cf240~300 mg\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be346\u4f8b, \u5176\u4e2d\u6076\u6027\u759f258\u4f8b, \u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f414.6~20.8 h, \u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f432.3~56.4 h, \u6708\u590d\u71c3\u7387\u7ea649.4%. 1987\u5e744\u6708\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u539f\u6599\u836f\u53ca\u5176\u6ce8\u5c04\u5242\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 1988\u5e74\u518d\u83b7\u7247\u5242\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u66fe\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d203000\u4f59\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u6027\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u5c06\u84bf\u4e59\u919a\u5f00\u53d1\u6210\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003004\">2.6&nbsp;\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u590d\u65b9\u5236\u5242\u7814\u53d1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9274\u4e8e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u5355\u4e00\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u5177\u6709\u901f\u6548\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u4f4e\u6bd2\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u5feb\u7b49\u7279\u70b9, \u4f46\u4ecd\u6613\u590d\u71c3. 1982\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e94\u6240\u5468\u4e49\u6e05\u7b49\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u6297\u759f\u7d20\u6297\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u53ef\u4e92\u8865\u589e\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6740\u706d\u539f\u866b\u3001\u5ef6\u7f13\u6297\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u533b\u4ee5\u589e\u6548\u548c\u5ef6\u7f13\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2170)\u590d\u65b9\u4ee5\u592a\u7247(coartem)\u3002 1984\u5e74\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e94\u6240\u5468\u4e49\u6e05\u4e0e\u5b81\u6bbf\u73ba\u7b49\u4eba\u5c06\u82ef\u82b4\u9187(\u8be5\u6240\u521b\u5236\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6297\u759f\u65b0\u836f)\u4e0e\u84bf\u7532\u919a\u7ec4\u6210\u590d\u65b9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4(\u6bcf\u7247\u542b\u84bf\u7532\u919a20\u6beb\u514b\u3001\u82ef\u82b4\u9187120\u6beb\u514b)\u7b49\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee53 d 4\u6b21\u603b\u5242\u91cf16\u7247\u6cbb\u759724\u759f\u75be\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u4f8b\u65f6\u95f423.2 h\u3001\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f441.0 h\u3001\u6708\u590d\u71c3\u73874.1%\u3002 1992\u5e744\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e13\u5229\u3002 1994\u5e749\u6708\u4e0e\u745e\u58eb\u6c7d\u5df4\u5609\u57fa\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u8bfa\u534e\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff08\u5546\u54c1\u540dcoartem\uff09\uff0c\u52302007\u5e74\u5728\u4e9a\u3001\u975e\u3001\u62c9\u7f8e\u7b4920\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u60a3\u80053599\u4eba\uff0c\u5747\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u610f\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b \u5df2\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684 86 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2171)\u590d\u65b9\u78f7\u9178\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u916f\u7247(ARCO)\u3002 1991\u5e74\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e94\u6240\u674e\u798f\u6797\u3001\u7126\u5cab\u537f\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6297\u759f\u6548\u679c\u663e\u7740\uff0c\u7ee7\u6c2f\u82ef\u78f7\u9178\u4e59\u919a\u5f3a\u5316\u6cbb\u6108\u7387\u9ad8\u3001\u534a\u8870\u671f\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u6548\u8f83\u6162\u3001\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u6297\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u914d\u5408\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u4e92\u8865\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u4ea4\u7b49\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e0e\u78f7\u9178\u4e59\u70ef\u915a\u55b92.5:1\u76f8\u4f0d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u589e\u6548\u548c\u4e00\u5ea6\u987f\u670d\u534f\u540c\u529f\u6548\u3002 1998\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u590d\u65b9\u78f7\u9178\u4e59\u82ef\u918c\u7247\u603b\u5242\u91cf1400\u6beb\u514b\uff08\u542b\u9752\u84bf\u7d201000\u6beb\u514b\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u4e59\u919a\u82ef\u918c400\u6beb\u514b\uff09\u5355\u6b21\u6b21\u6cbb\u7597\u5371\u5bb3220\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f417.4\u5c0f\u65f6\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f429.8\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6708\u590d\u71c3\u73872.3%\uff1b \u6cbb\u7597\u95f4\u65e5\u759f109\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f413.0\u5c0f\u65f6\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f418.1\u5c0f\u65f6\u548c56\u5929\u590d\u71c3\u738710%\u3002 2003\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 2005\u5e74\u7531\u6606\u660e\u5236\u836f\u96c6\u56e2\u8fdb\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be1153\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6708\u590d\u71c3\u7387\u57284%\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff1b \u5e76\u83b7\u5f9720\u4f59\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ce8\u518c\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u2172\uff09\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u78f7\u9178\u78f7\u916f\u7247\uff08artekin\uff0cDuo-Cotexin\u79d1\u6cf0\u590d\uff09\u3002 1991~1995\u5e74, \u5e7f\u5dde\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u5927\u5b66\u674e\u56fd\u6865\u6297\u759f\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u5728\u63f4\u8d8a\u6297\u51fb\u759f\u75be\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0, \u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6297\u759f\u836f\u78f7\u9178\u54cc\u55b9\u3001\u4f2f\u6c28\u55b9\u548c\u7532\u6c27\u8290\u5576\u8054\u5408\u5e94\u7528, \u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c. 1997\u5e746\u6708, \u7ecf\u4e2d\u8d8a\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u7814\u7a76, \u8d8a\u5357\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u6279\u51c6\u4ee5\u201c\u759f\u75be\u7247-CV8\u201d\u547d\u540d\u3001\u7531\u8d8a\u5357\u7b2c26\u5236\u836f\u5382\u751f\u4ea7, \u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6076\u6027\u759f\u6d41\u884c\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u7528\u836f. \u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u5904\u65b9\uff0c\u7531\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u78f7\u9178\u4e19\u916e\u4ee51:8\u914d\u6bd4\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ee52 d 4\u6b21\u5242\u91cf\u603b\u5242\u91cf2880 mg(\u542b\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20320 mg\u3001\u78f7\u9178\u4e19\u916e2560 mg)\uff0c\u5728\u67ec\u3001\u8d8a\u3001\u7f05\u548c\u6d77\u200b\u200b\u5357\u5c9b\u6cbb\u7597\u91cd\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8fd1400\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f412.7~41.6 h\uff0c\u539f\u866b\u9634\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f423.2~56.7 h\uff0c 28\u5929\u590d\u71c3\u73870~8.3%\u3002 2003\u5e741\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2173) \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u963f\u62c9\u594e\u7247(artequick, \u7ca4\u7279\u5feb). 2003\u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u56fd\u6865\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u7528\u836f\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u80c3\u80a0\u9053\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u53bb\u78f7\u9178\u7684\u78b1\u57fa\u4e19\u916e\u55b9\u5549\u4ee51\uff1a6\u914d\u6bd4\u3001\u66ff\u4ee3\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e0e\u78f7\u9178\u4e19\u916e\u55b9\u5549\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4ee52 d 2\u6b21\u670d\u836f\u603b\u5242\u91cf1750 mg\uff08\u542b\u9752\u84bf\u7d20250 mg\u3001\u4e19\u916e1500 mg\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8d8a\u3001\u67ec\u3001\u6bd7\u7b49\u5730\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be\u75c5\u4eba471\u4f8b\uff0c\u6708\u590d\u71c3\u7387\u57285%\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d110\u4f8b\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9000\u70ed\u65f6\u95f431.6 h\u3001\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u65f6\u95f466.7 h\u3001\u6708\u590d\u71c3\u73874.9%\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u590d\u65b9\u7532\u919a\u7247\u3001\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u78f7\u9178\u78f7\u916f\u7247\u540455\u4f8b\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u65e0\u663e\u7740\u5dee\u5f02\u3002 2006\u5e744\u6708\u83b7\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u836f\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u572810\u4f59\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ce8\u518c\u9500\u552e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd8\u6709\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u916f-\u963f\u83ab\u5730\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u916f-\u7532\u6c1f\u55b9\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u916f-\u5468\u6548\u78fa\u80fa\/\u4e59\u80fa\u916f\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u916f-\u54af\u4e59\u916f\u548c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20-\u54af\u82ef\u4e8c\u916f\u7b49\u590d\u65b9\u5236\u5242\u5df2\u7ecf\u6216\u6b63\u5728\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003005\">2.7&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u836f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u4e00)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6297\u759f\u4f5c\u7528\u53ca\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002 \u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u671f\u7684\u6545\u969c\u539f\u866b\u662f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u6d88\u706d\u539f\u866b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u5206\u6709\u6027\u751f\u6b96\uff08\u5728\u868a\u4f53\u5185\uff09\u548c\u65e0\u6027\u751f\u6b96\uff08\u5728\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\uff09\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 \u5f53\u53d7\u67d3\u759f\u539f\u866b\u5b50\u5b62\u5b50\u968f\u96cc\u868a\u53ee\u54ac\u8fdb\u5165\u4eba\u4f53\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u8840\u6db2\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u5165\u8110\u5e26\uff0c\u5728\u809d\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u589e\u6b96\u589e\u6b96\u4ea7\u751f\u88c2\u6b96\u5b50\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u809d\u810f\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8840\u6db2\uff0c\u759f\u539f\u866b\u5728\u809d\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u589e\u6b96\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u671f\u3002 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\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u671f\u7684\u759f\u75be\u539f\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u759f\u539f\u866b\u6ecb\u517b\u4f53\u819c\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u53d7\u635f\u662f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u759f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u3002 \u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u7ea2\u5185\u671f\u6ecb\u517b\u4f53\u6d88\u9664\u539f\u866b\u7684\u819c\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u98df\u7269\u6ce1\u819c\u3001\u8868\u819c\u548c\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6ce2\u53ca\u6838\u819c\u3001\u5185\u8d28\u7f51\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u81ea\u566c\u6ce1\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u6269\u5f20\u3001\u5916\u5410\u3002 \u819c\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u70b9\u71c3\u539f\u866b\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u81f4\u866b\u4f53\u74e6\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u5f15\u8d77\u6c27\u5316\u635f\u4f24\u662f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u706b\u707e\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5df2\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u5927\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u6297\u759f\u4e34\u5e8a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u591a\u9776\u70b9\u52b3\u4f5c\u3001\u673a\u5236\u7e41\u6742\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e8e\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u601d\u8def\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5f02\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u6240\u542b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u635f\u4f24\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u539f\u866b\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u4e3a\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e9a\u94c1\u8840\u7ea2\u7d20\u3001\u4e9a\u94c1\u539f\u5b50\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u65ad\u88c2\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6c27-\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u78b3-\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eb2\u7535\u6027\u7684\u73af\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u819c\u3001\u5e72\u6270\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u9176\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8d77\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u9014\u5f84\u6740\u706d\u759f\u539f\u866b\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u5c1a\u7ec6\u8282\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2171)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u7528\u9014\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002 \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u5438\u6536\u3001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u6392\u6cc4\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u54c1\u79cd\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u9014\u5f84\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u5242\u91cf\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6837\u54c1\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5438\u6536\u5feb\u3001\u6d88\u8017\u5feb\u3001\u534a\u8870\u671f\u77ed\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5065\u5eb7\u5fd7\u613f\u8005: \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5899\u58c115 mg kg<sup>-1<\/sup>&nbsp;(\u7ea6900 mg)\u5242\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5cf0\u65f6\u95f4(h)\u3001\u5cf0\u6d53\u5ea6(\u03bc\u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<sup>-1<\/sup>&nbsp;)\u3001\u836f\u7269\u5728\u4f53\u5185\u9a7b\u7559\u65f6\u95f4(h)\u3001\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\u6d88\u9664\u534a\u8870\u671f(h)\u5747\u503c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a1.5\u30010.09\u30013.27\u30012.27\uff1b \u540c\u5242\u91cf\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u76f4\u80a0\u836f\u7269\u4ee3\u53c2\u6570\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a4.6\u30010.04\u30016.98\u30014.84\uff1b \u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5899\u58c12.2 mg kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\uff08\u7ea6130 mg\uff09\u5242\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u836f\u4ee3\u53c2\u6570\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a1.33\u30010.71\u30012.26\u30011.57\uff1b \u4ee5\u592a\u7532\u919a3.3 mg kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u5242\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u836f\u4ee3\u53c2\u6570\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a1.88\u30010.31\u3001-, 2.0; \u9752\u84bf\u821e\u8e48\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u836f\u4ee3\u53c2\u6570\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a0.88\u30011.94\u3001-\uff0c0.69\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005: \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53e3\u670d500 mg d<sup>-1<\/sup>&nbsp;(5 d\u65b9\u6848, \u8d8a\u5357\u60a3\u8005), \u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5cf0\u65f6\u95f4(h)\u3001\u5cf0\u6d53\u5ea6(\u03bc\u514b\/\u6beb\u5347<sup>-1<\/sup>&nbsp;)\u3001\u836f\u7269\u5728\u4f53\u5185\u9a7b\u7559\u65f6\u95f4(h)\u3001\u8840\u836f\u6d53\u5ea6\u6d88\u9664\u534a\u8870\u671f(h)\u5747\u503c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a2.9\u30010.244\u30014.2\u30011.3\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5438\u6536\u5feb\u3001\u4fc3\u6210\u5feb\u3001\u534a\u8870\u9000\u671f\u77ed\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u6709\u2160\u76f8\u9176\u548c\u2161\u76f8\u9176\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5316\u3001\u8131\u6c22\u3001\u8131\u7532\u57fa\u3001\u8131\u6c27\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u5fc3\u919b\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb8\u591a\u80be\u810f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u7ecf\u80be\u548c\u80c6\u9053\u6392\u6cc4\u3002 \u84bf\u7532\u919a\u548c\u9752\u84bf\u8349\u6848\u4ee5\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e3a\u6bcd\u4f53\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u5185\u540e\u4e3b\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u901a\u9053\u901a\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2172)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5355\u6b21\u704c\u80c3\u7ed9\u5c0f\u9f20(\u5c0f\u5bb6\u9f20)\u7684\u534a\u6570\u81f4\u6b7b\u91cf(LD&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>&nbsp;)\u57284200 mg kg<sup>-1<\/sup>\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u611f\u89c9\u8fdf\u949d\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u62bd\u771f\u7a7a\u60ca\u53a5\u3001\u547c\u5438\u6291\u5236\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b \u7528\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u5c0f\u9f20\u759f\u75be\u768450%\u759f\u539f\u866b\u8f6c\u9634\u5242\u91cf(ND 50 )\u572860 mg kg<sub><\/sub><sup>-1<\/sup>\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5176\u6cbb\u7597\u6307\u6570(LD&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>&nbsp;\/ND&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>&nbsp;)\u63a5\u8fd175\u3002 14 d \u91cd\u590d\u704c\u533a\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e0e\u79cb\u5b63(\u8910\u5bb6\u9f20) 1000\u6beb\u514b\/\u5343\u514b<sup>-1<\/sup>\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u589e\u6b96\u9aa8\u9ad3\u7ea2\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u9020\u8840\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u3002 Ames\u81f4\u7a81\u53d8\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u5fae\u6838\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u7a81\u53d8\u7a81\u53d8\u7a81\u53d8\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5747\u9634\u6027\u3001\u672a\u9057\u4f20\u6bd2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u81f4\u7578\u80ce\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528LD&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>\u76841\/400~1\/25\u5242\u91cf\u704c\u80c3\u57287~19 d\u7684\u598a\u5a20\u671f\u7ed9\u4e88\u598a\u5a20\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u80ce\u9f20\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u6d41\u4ea7\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u9752\u7d20\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u80ce\u9f20\u5668\u5b98\u53d1\u751f\u665a\u671f\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6709\u540c\u6b65\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u52a8\u7269\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u65e0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64, \u5b55\u671f\u5987\u5973\u5e94\u614e\u7528\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269, \u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u598a\u5a20\u59343\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u8bd5\u670d\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6bcf\u5929350~5000\u6beb\u514b\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed7\u5929\uff0c\u672a\u89c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u810f\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u635f\u4f24\u3002 \u67d0\u4eba\u5bf9\u6cf0\u56fd24\u540d\u5065\u5eb7\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u4e00\u6b21\u6216\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5916\u5468200\u6beb\u514b\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u5bf918\u540d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u8fdb\u884c300\u6beb\u514b\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5e76\u4e0e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u53c9\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u8f83\u597d\u8010\u53d7\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u6709\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u6291\u5236\u3002 \u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\u4e86800\u591a\u4f8b\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u84bf\u7532\u919a\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u654f\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7cbe\u795e\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u7b49\u6bd2\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b \u670983\u4f8b\u5b55\u5987\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u836f\u7269\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6bd2\u526f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u5a74\u513f\u4ea6\u672a\u89c1\u53d1\u80b2\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u9752\u9f20\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5bf9\u6162\u6027\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6bd2\u6027\u4e0e\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u7ea2\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8840\u7ba1\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u6297\u759f\u6d3b\u6027\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0cLD&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>\u7b49\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u6307\u6807\u6570\u503c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5242\u91cf\u4e0eLD&nbsp;<sub>50<\/sub>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4ecd\u7136\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u6307\u6570\u4f9d\u7136\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002 \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u4f4e\u6bd2\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5ea6\u5927\u7684\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003006\">2.8&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u6548\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53cc\u6c27\u6865\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u6548\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003006001\">2.8.1 \u9632\u6cbb\u5176\u4ed6\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u75c5<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8840\u5438\u866b\u75c5\u7684\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u65e9\u57281980\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u919a\u7532\u919a\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u916f\u4e5f\u6709\u6740\u866b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6d3b\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u5421\u55b9\u916e\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8840\u5438\u866b\u751f\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7ae5\u866b\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9884\u9632\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u75ab\u533a\u7b49\u4e07\u4f59\u540d\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u5438\u8840\u866b\u75c5\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5f13\u7532\u919a\u548c\u9752\u5f13\u821e\u8e48\u5242\u6709\u6548\uff0c1996\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6279\u51c6\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5438\u8840\u866b\u75c5\u7684\u9884\u9632\u836f\u7269\u3002 \u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u7b49\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5f13\u5f62\u866b\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff1a\u672c\u75c5\u4e3a\u732b\u4e0e\u4eba\u5171\u60a3\u6027\u539f\u866b\u75c5\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6000\u5b55\u540e\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u53ef\u81f4\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6d41\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u81f4\u513f\u8f88\u5148\u5929\u6027\u5f13\u5f62\u866b\u75c5\u3002 1996\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u84bf\u7532\u919a\u3001\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u9f20\u7c7b\u5f13\u5f62\u866b\u75c5\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u7ee7\u800c\u4ee5\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d2040\u6beb\u514b1\u5929\u4e24\u6b21\u8fde\u75286\u5929\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c5\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 \u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5916\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u9752\u5f13\u7d20\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5f13\u5f62\u866b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u9053\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6f14\u793a\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u5438\u866b\u75c5\u548c\u534e\u652f\u5b50\u5bab\u5438\u866b\u75c5\u7b49\u5fae\u5c0f\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c5\u4f8b\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003006002\">2.8.2 \u5bf9\u81ea\u5bb6\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u8c03\u8282\u4f53\u6db2\u514d\u75ab\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u514d\u75ab\uff0c1980\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5e7f\u5b89\u95e8\u533b\u9662\u5e84\u56fd\u5eb7\u7528\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8bd5\u6cbb\u76d8\u5f62\u7ea2\u6591\u72fc\u75ae\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4f59\u5176\u658c\u3001\u949f\u5609\u5609\u3001\u5218\u7ea2\u59e3\u7b49\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u7528\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u6216\u4f0d\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7ea2\u6591\u72fc\u75ae\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u9178\u4e59\u919a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5bf9\u7c7b\u98ce\u6e7f\u6027\u5173\u8282\u708e\u3001\u4f50\u5242\u6027\u5173\u8282\u708e\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u514d\u75ab\u6027\u8111\u708e\u3001\u786c\u76ae\u75c5\u7b49\u529f\u6548\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u679c\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003006003\">2.8.3 \u5bf9\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u6297\u80bf\u7624\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 \u5927\u91cf\u4f53\u5916\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u6291\u5236\u6216\u6740\u4f24\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u3001\u5bab\u9888\u764c\u3001\u80f6\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u809d\u764c\u3001\u5bab\u9888\u764c\u3001\u80f6\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u80f6\u539f\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u764c\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\uff0c\u53ef\u8bf1\u5bfc\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u708e\u75c7\u3001\u963b\u6ede\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u3001\u963b\u65ad\u80bf\u7624\u8840\u7ba1\u65b0\u751f\u3001\u5ef6\u7f13\u6216\u9006\u8f6c\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u591a\u836f\u6d3b\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u94c1\u901a\u8def\u5408\u7528\u6216\u4e0e\u8f6c\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u7ed3\u5408\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6740\u4f24\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2003\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5f20\u7956\u8d3b\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5\u6bcf\u65e5125 mg\u8fde\u752821 d\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u9752\u84bf\u8349\u916f\u8054\u5408\u5316\u7597\uff08\u957f\u6625\u745e\u6ee8\u52a0\u987a\u94c2\uff09\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\u975e\u5c0f\u7ec6\u80de\u80ba\u764c\u60a3\u800560\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e60\u4f8b\u91cd\u75c7\u5316\u7597\u7ec4\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u7528\u52a0\u9752\u84bf\u916f\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd1\u671f\u75be\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u7387\u3001\u5ef6\u957f\u75be\u75c5\u8fdb\u5c55\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u826f\u597d\u3002 \u6709\u4eba\u7528\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u916f\u8fdb\u884c\u809d\u52a8\u8109\u704c\u6ce8\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002 \u56fd\u5916\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u8bd5\u6cbb\u665a\u671f\u5bab\u9888\u764c\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8840\u7ba1\u7d27\u5f20\u7d20\u8f6c\u6362\u9176\u6ce8\u5c04\u6db2\u4e2d\u80bf\u7624\u80bf\u80c0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6807\u8bb0\u7269\u548c\u65b0\u751f\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff1b \u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6cbb\u7597\u5df2\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u60a3\u8005\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u5e8a\u63a2\u7d22\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u80bf\u7624\u6cbb\u7597\u6216\u4e0e\u5316\u7597\u836f\u6709\u589e\u6548\u7b49\u8f85\u52a9\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u8fd8\u88ab\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u6d41\u611f\u548c\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u7b49\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u6297\u6297\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u708e\u75c7\u3001\u5fc3\u5f8b\u5931\u5e38\u7b49\u4e5f\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003003007\">2.9&nbsp;\u9752\u84bf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u57f9\u80b2\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7528\u91cf\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u6297\u759f\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u70ed\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2170)\u9752\u84bf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u57f9\u80b2\u3002 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\u8fc7\u53bb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u836f\u6750\u6536\u8d2d\u91cf\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6781\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u7eff\u80a5\u3002 \u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u6842\u6797\u5730\u533a\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u6536\u8d2d500\u5428\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e1c\u5e74\u4ea7\u91cf\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a5000\u5428\u3002 20\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u91ce\u751f\u9752\u84bf\u53f6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3002 2002\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53d7\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u759f\u75be\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u63d0\u53d6\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u7531\u539f\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5bb6\u66fe\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u767e\u4f59\u5bb6\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u91ce\u751f\u8f6c\u5411\u79cd\u690d\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u542b\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u64ad\u79cd\u7684\u9009\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5305\u62ec1996\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u8fd4\u56de\u5f0f\u536b\u661f\u64ad\u79cd\u64ad\u79cd\u7684SP-18\u682a\u7cfb\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4ea7\u91cf\u9ad8\u8fbe28.35 kg hm\uff09<sup>-2<\/sup>\uff09\u3001\u79cd\u690d\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u79cd\u690d\u603b\u89c4\u6a21\u7a33\u5b9a\u57286000~13000 hm&nbsp;<sup>2<\/sup>\uff0c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5f97\u7387\u4e00\u822c\u57280.7%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002 \u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u5411\u56fd\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b150\u5428\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u539f\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u4e8c)\u9752\u84bf\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5668\u5b98\u57f9\u517b\u3002 \u5229\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u57f9\u517b\u6280\u672f\u751f\u4ea7\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53ef\u7a81\u7834\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u635f\u5931\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 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\u7531FPP\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u548c\u4e8c\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u9176\u57fa\u56e0\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u6e05\u695a\u3002 \u4f46\u4ece\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u6216\u4e8c\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u592a\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u968f\u7740\u70df\u8349\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c2005\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u690d\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u56fd\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u5c06\u9752\u84bf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\u8f6c\u5165\u70df\u8349\uff08\u70df\u8349L.)\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u4f53\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u57fa\u56e0\u8d44\u6e90\u8f6c\u5165\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u6216\u9175\u6bcd\uff0c\u7ec4\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u524d\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u83cc\uff0c\u53d1\u9175\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u548c\u4e8c\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u9178\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2173)\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u3002 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2011\u5e74\u548c2012\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u5206\u522b\u5f03\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u8fdb\u8fc7\u8865\u8d34\u56e2\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u516d\u4ef7\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u50ac\u5316\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u5f00\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6216\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u50ac\u5316\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u6c22\u5148\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u9ad8\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4ece\u9752\u84bf\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6cd5\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5c0f\u578b\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u63d0\u53d6\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003004\">3&nbsp;\u5b66\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u8f6c\u5316\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003004001\">3.1&nbsp;\u6211\u56fd\u72ec\u521b\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6297\u759f\u836f<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6297\u759f\u836f\uff0c\u59821632\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u594e\u5b81(C&nbsp;<sub>20<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>24<\/sub>&nbsp;N&nbsp;<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;O&nbsp;<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;, 1910\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u6297\u836f\u6027)\u30011945\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c2f\u55b9(C&nbsp;<sub>18<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>26<\/sub>&nbsp;ClN&nbsp;<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;, 1957\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u6297\u836f\u6027)\u30011951\u5e74\u8d77\u4f7f\u7684\u963f\u83ab\u5730\u55b9(C&nbsp;<sub>20<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>22<\/sub>&nbsp;ClN&nbsp;<sub>3<\/sub>&nbsp;O, 1971\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u6297\u836f\u6027)\u30011967\u5e74\u8d77\u4f7f\u7684\u5468\u6548\u78fa\u80fa(C&nbsp;<sub>12<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>14<\/sub>&nbsp;N&nbsp;<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;O&nbsp;<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;S)\u548c\u4e59\u80fa\u82a5\u7d2b(C&nbsp;<sub>12<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>13<\/sub>&nbsp;ClN&nbsp;<sub>4<\/sub>&nbsp;,\u4e24\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u6297\u836f\u6027)\u30011977\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7532\u6c1f\u55b9(C&nbsp;<sub>12<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>16<\/sub>&nbsp;F&nbsp;<sub>6<\/sub>&nbsp;N&nbsp;<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;O, 1982\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u63d2\u5ea7),\u90fd\u662f\u542b\u6c2e\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u5fc5\u9700\u542b\u6c2e\u3002 \u9752\u84bf\u7d20(C&nbsp;<sub>15<\/sub>&nbsp;H&nbsp;<sub>22<\/sub>&nbsp;O&nbsp;<sub>5<\/sub>&nbsp;)\u916a\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u5177\u6709\u8fc7\u6c27\u5185\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u56db\u7ea7\u78b3\u6784\u6210\u201c\u6865\u201d\u7684\u5947\u7279\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u500d\u534a\u841c\u5185\u916f\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1b \u5bf9\u759f\u75be\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u6c2f\u55b9\u7b49\u6297\u836f\u7684\u759f\u539f\u866b\u5747\u6709\u901f\u6548\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u4f4e\u6bd2\u7684\u529f\u6548, \u662f\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u6297\u759f\u836f\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6297\u759f\u836f, \u8fc5\u901f\u5f97\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u8ba4\u548c\u5e94\u7528, \u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u65b0\u4e00\u7c7b\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7269\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003004002\">3.2&nbsp;\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1979\u5e743\u6708\u548c1980\u5e743\u6708, \u5728WHO\u526f\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u9648\u6587\u6770\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b, WHO\/TDR(\u70ed\u5e26\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\u7279\u522b\u89c4\u5212\u7f72)\u4e3b\u4efbLucas AO\u548cWHO\/SWG-CHEMAL(\u759f\u75be\u5316\u7597\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4)Peters W\u6559\u6388\u5148\u540e\u8bbf\u534e, \u8003\u5bdf\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u6297\u759f\u7814\u7a76, \u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae. 1981\u5e7410\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u524d\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u65f6\u4efb\u5e15\u514b\u5b63\u949f\u6734\u8d1f\u8d23\u7b79\u6b3e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e3a\u4e13\u9898\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5f00\u53d1\u7f72\u3001WHO\/SWG-CHEMAL\u4f1a\u8bae\u5728\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u3002 \u5c60\u5466\u5466\u7b49\u4eba\u5206\u522b\u5c31\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u7406\u3001\u6bd2\u7406\u3001\u529f\u6548\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u548c\u529f\u6548\u7b496\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u4f5c\u4e86\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u9996\u6b21\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u4f1a\u8bae\u9ad8\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u6297\u759f\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6297\u759f\u836f\u65e0\u96f7\u540c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eca\u540e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u759f\u836f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002 \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u56e0\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u754c\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5b98\u65b9\u673a\u6784\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\u5173\u6ce8\u3002 \u636e\u7f8e\u56fdPUBMED\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff08\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u732e\u91cf\u4ece1980\u5e74\u76841\u7bc7\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u523080\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e7422.6\u7bc7\uff0c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e74\u574779.7\u7bc7\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u593410\u5e74\u5e74\u5747258\u7bc7\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u76845\u5e74\u4e2d\u3001\u5e74\u8fbe518.8\u7bc7\u3002 \u636e\u4e0d\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ece1976\u5e74~2015\u5e7440\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5404\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5168\u7403\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u56fd\uff09\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u672f\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6709\u5173\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bba\u6587\u8d85\u8fc79800\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WHO\/SWG-CHEMAL\u4e5f\u4e8e1982\u5e74\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u5546\u8c08\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u5f00\u5c55\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u3002 2003\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u521b\u5236\u7684\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u919a\u7532\u919a\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u53cc\u6c22\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u539f\u6599\u836f\u7269\u5236\u5242\u53ca\u5176\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u836f\u5178\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u3002 \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u5355\u4e00\u7528\u836f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u590d\u5408\u6cbb\u7597\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u5e7f\u666e\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u75ab\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003004003\">3.3&nbsp;\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u751f\u547d\u7684\u633d\u6551<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u3001\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u884d\u751f\u7269\u548c\u4ee5\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7c7b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u590d\u65b9\u5236\u5242\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7814\u53d1, \u4ee5\u53caWHO\u5bf9\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8054\u5408\u7597\u6cd5(artemisinin-based combination therapy, ACT)\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb, 21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb, \u5168\u7403\u6709\u759f\u75be\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u9646\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528ACT\u6cbb\u7597. 2005\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u516c\u5171\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\u91c7\u8d2dACT\u836f\u72690.11\u4ebf\u4eba\u4efd\uff08\u201c\u4eba\u4efd\u201d\u6307\u4e00\u4f4d\u60a3\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u6025\u7684\u7528\u836f\u91cf\uff09\uff0c2010\u5e74\u91c7\u8d2d\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\u52301.80\u4ebf\u4eba\u4efd\uff0c2012\u5e74\u4e3a3.31\u4ebf\u4eba\u4efd\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u5357\u759f\u6d41\u884c\u768488\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5df2\u670979\u4e2a\u4ee5ACT\u4f5c\u4e00\u7ebf\u836f\u7269\uff09\uff0c2014\u5e74\u8fbe\u52303.37\u4ebf\u4eba\u4efd\u3002 \u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u539f\u6599\u836f\u6bcf\u5e74\u6d88\u8017\u91cf\u5728180\u5428\u4e0a\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u636eWHO 2015\u5e74\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u759f\u75be\u62a5\u544a\u300b, \u7531\u4e8e\u9632\u706d\u868a\u63aa\u65bd\u63a8\u8fdb\u3001\u8bca\u65ad\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u548cACT\u7684\u5e94\u7528, \u759f\u75be\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9010\u5e74\u660e\u663e\u964d\u4f4e. \u5168\u7403\u759f\u75be\u53d1\u75c5\u603b\u4eba\u6570: 2000\u5e74\u4e3a2.62\u4ebf\u4f8b, 2005\u5e74\u4e3a2.64\u4ebf\u4f8b, 2010\u5e74\u4e3a2.43\u4ebf\u4f8b, 2015\u5e74\u4e3a2.14\u4ebf\u4f8b; 2015 \u5e74\u4eba\u6570\u6bd4 2000 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u4e0b\u964d 18%\u3002 \u5c31\u759f\u75be\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u800c\u8bba, 2000\u5e74\u4e3a14.6%, 2005\u5e74\u4e3a13.4%, 2010\u5e74\u4e3a11.3%, 2015\u5e74\u4e3a9.1%, 2015\u5e74\u6bd42000\u5e74\u759f\u75be\u53d1\u751f\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8637.8%. \u5168\u7403\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u6b7b\u4ea1\u603b\u4eba\u65702000\u5e74\u4e3a83.9\u4e07\u4eba, 2005\u5e7473.8\u4e07\u4eba, 2010\u5e7455.4\u4e07\u4eba, 2015\u5e7443.8\u4e07\u4eba, 2015\u5e74\u6bd42000\u5e74\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u4e0b\u964d48%. \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c5\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u76f8\u5e94\u4e3a72.3\u4e07\u4eba\u300161.4\u4e07\u4eba\u300142.8\u4e07\u4eba\u300130.6\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c2015\u5e74\u6bd42000\u5e74\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u759f\u75be\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u4e0b\u964d58%\u3002 WHO 2015\u5e74\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u759f\u75be\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u4f30\u6d4b, \u4ece2000\u5e74\u52302015\u5e74\u4f7f\u5168\u7403620\u4e07\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u6b7b\u4e8e\u759f\u75be, \u5176\u4e2d, 590\u4e07\u4eba\u662f5\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u513f\u7ae5. \u57282015\u5e7412\u6708\u8be5\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\u4e0a, WHO\u5168\u7403\u759f\u75be\u8ba1\u5212\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u963f\u9686\u7d22(Pedro Alonso)\u535a\u58eb\u6307\u51fa: \u201c\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u836f\u7269\u4e3a\u9752\u84bf\u7d20, \u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u836f\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u4e8e1972\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u53d6. \u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u4f7f\u7528, \u6210\u529f\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u759f\u75be\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u201d.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sec-003004004\">3.4&nbsp;\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u5927\u5956\u6fc0\u52b1\u521b\u65b0\u6b63\u80fd\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6297\u759f\u65b0\u836f\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u8f7b\u6613\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6211\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u56fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u65bd\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u628a\u521b\u65b0\u6446\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5efa\u8bbe\u521b\u65b0\u578b\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002 \u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7814\u7a76\u961f\u4f0d\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002 \u5c31\u79d1\u6280\u8bba\u6587\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u636e\u6211\u56fdCNKI\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6536\u8f7d\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e74\u574735.6\u7bc7\u52302001~2010\u5e74\u5747155.5\u7bc7\u3001\u589e\u957f336.8%\uff0c2011~2015\u5e74\uff0c\u5e74\u5747298.8\u7bc7\u3001\u73af\u6bd4\u53c8\u589e\u957f92.1%\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u62c9\u65af\u514b\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u8be5\u5956\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u7269\u533b\u836f\u9886\u57df\u91cd\u5927\u5956\u9879\u3002 \u8be5\u5956\u8bc4\u59d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u9732\u897f\u00b7\u590f\u76ae\u7f57\u6559\u6388\u66fe\u8d5e\u53f9: \u201c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u836f\u7269\u53f2\u571f, \u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u9879\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u6570\u4ebf\u4eba\u75c5\u75db\u548c\u538b\u529b\u3001\u5e76\u633d\u6551\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u6709\u201d, \u201c\u9752\u84bf\u7d20\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u6548\u6297\u759f\u836f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0, \u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5c60\u5466\u5466\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u987d\u5f3a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201d, \u201c\u5c60\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc(\u6cbb\u7597\u759f\u75be)\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u836f\u7269\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d. 2015\u5e7410\u6708, \u5c60\u5466\u5466\u53c8\u4ee5\u201c\u4ece\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7075\u611f, \u5148\u9a71\u6027\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u84bf\u7d20, \u5f00\u521b\u759f\u75be\u6cbb\u7597\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d, 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