{"id":59427,"date":"2025-10-26T05:10:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-26T05:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=59427"},"modified":"2025-10-26T05:10:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-26T05:10:31","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e5%89%82%e8%b5%b7%e6%b2%89%e7%96%b4%ef%bc%88%e7%ac%ac2%e7%89%88%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%88%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=59427","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u5242\u8d77\u6c89\u75b4\uff08\u7b2c2\u7248\uff09\uff08\u5341\u4e00\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

5\u3000\u5927\u9ec4<\/p>\n

5.1\u3000\u53e4\u4ee3\u836f\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3b\u6cbb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u662f\u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u6cbb\u75c5\u7684\u662f\u300a\u6b66\u5a01\u6c49\u4ee3\u533b\u7b80\u300b\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\u836f\u65b930\u9996\uff0c\u67095\u9996\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\uff08\u53601\/6\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67093\u9996\u5206\u522b\u4e0e\u540e\u6765\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u7261\u4e39\u6c64\u3001\u62b5\u5f53\u6c64\u53ca\u5341\u67a3\u6c64\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6b66\u5a01\u6c49\u4ee3\u533b\u7b80\u300b\u662f\u540e\u4e16\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u6742\u75c5\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u670989\u5904\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u4e66\u65b9\u5242\u7528\u836f\u76841\/4\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e8634\u9996\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u65b9\uff08323\u9996\uff09\u768410.5%\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u6cbb\u7597\u8840\u8bc1\u3001\u75f0\u996e\u3001\u89e3\u6bd2\u3001\u6cfb\u706b\u3001\u6e05\u70ed\u3001\u5bfc\u6ede\u3001\u653b\u79ef\u53ca\u901a\u5ba3\u6c14\u673a\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u201c\u4e3b\u4e0b\u7600\u8840\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u6c14\u5206\u6d88\u80c0\u6ee1\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u5b83\u4e0b\u80a0\u80c3\u4e4b\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5229\u809d\u80c6\u4e4b\u6e7f\u70ed\uff1b\u65e2\u53ef\u6b62\u8840\u70ed\u4e4b\u5410\u8844\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5316\u65e0\u5f62\u4e4b\u75de\u6ee1\uff1b\u4e0a\u53ef\u6b62\u5455\uff0c\u4e0b\u53ef\u6b62\u75e2\uff1b\u53ef\u7f13\u53ef\u5cfb\uff0c\u80fd\u6e29\u80fd\u6e05\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u9762\u6781\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u9633\u660e\u8151\u5b9e\u8bc1\u3001\u9633\u660e\u75c9\u75c5\u3001\u592a\u9633\u84c4\u8840\u8bc1\u3001\u5c11\u9634\u70ed\u5316\u8bc1\u3001\u7ed3\u80f8\u3001\u70ed\u75de\u3001\u5410\u8840\u3001\u8844\u8840\u3001\u5455\u5410\u3001\u4e0b\u5229\u3001\u9ec4\u75b8\u3001\u80a0\u75c8\u3001\u865a\u52b3\u3001\u759f\u6bcd\u3001\u70ed\u996e\u3001\u8179\u6ee1\u3001\u7625\u540e\u52b3\u590d\u7b49\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b59\u601d\u9088\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u2460\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ef2\u666f\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u52a0\u751f\u5730\u6cbb\u5410\u8840\u3001\u8844\u8840\uff1b\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u5f53\u5f52\u6cbb\u201c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5760\u4e0b\u5d29\u4e2d\u201d\u7600\u8840\uff1b\u7528\u9ec4\u75b8\u5927\u9ec4\u4e38\uff08\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8476\u82c8\u5b50\uff09\u6cbb\u6e7f\u70ed\u9ec4\u75b8\u7b49\u3002\u2461\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u6cbb\u75c5\u3001\u9632\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u6cbb\u4e0d\u80b2\u75c7\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e38\uff08\u6cbb\u5e26\u4e0b\u767e\u75c5\u65e0\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u6cbb\u6d88\u6e34\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u5706\uff0c\u6cbb\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u7528\u53bb\u4e09\u866b\u65b9\uff0c\u6cbb\u75d4\u7528\u5c0f\u69d0\u89d2\u4e38\uff0c\u6cbb\u7622\u75d5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7528\u706d\u7622\u818f\u65b9\uff0c\u6cbb\u773c\u606f\u8089\u7528\u6cfb\u809d\u6c64\u65b9\uff0c\u6cbb\u8033\u804b\u9f7f\u75db\u7528\u8d64\u818f\u65b9\uff0c\u6cbb\u9152\u6e23\u9f3b\u75ae\u7528\u6800\u5b50\u5706\uff0c\u6cbb\u4e73\u75c8\u7528\u59cb\u4f5c\u65b9\uff0c\u9884\u9632\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7528\u5c60\u82cf\u9152\u7b49\u3002\u738b\u7118\u8fd8\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u6cbb\u7597\u5c3f\u8840\u3001\u53d1\u80cc\u3001\u759f\u75be\u3001\u86d4\u866b\u5fc3\u75db\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b8b\u4ee3\u738b\u6000\u9690\u7b49\u7f16\u8457\u7684\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5723\u60e0\u65b9\u300b\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u9ec4\u65b9\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u70ed\u75c5\u72c2\u8bed\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u9ec4\u75b8\uff0c\u5c0f\u513f\u75b1\u75b9\u7b49\uff1b\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u6cbb\u7597\u5c0f\u513f\u80bf\u6bd2\uff0c\u763f\u6c14\u521d\u7ed3\uff0c\u4f24\u5bd2\u8844\u8840\uff0c\u9aa8\u84b8\u52b3\u70ed\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5143\u4ee5\u964d\uff0c\u4e2d\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u66f4\u4e3a\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u533b\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u591a\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u8bba\u8ff0\uff1a\u2460\u5218\u5b8c\u7d20\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u601d\u60f3\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u706b\u70ed\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u7528\u5bd2\u51c9\u836f\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5ba3\u660e\u8bba\u65b9\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5171\u6709348\u9996\u65b9\u5242\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u65b9\u524265\u9996\uff08\u536018%\uff09\u3002\u5982\u9632\u98ce\u901a\u5723\u6563\u53ef\u6cbb50\u4f59\u75c7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u65e0\u8bba\u98ce\u5bd2\u6691\u6e7f\u6709\u6c57\u65e0\u6c57\u5185\u5916\u8bf8\u90aa\u6240\u4f24\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u4e0b\u8bf8\u75c7\u5c31\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u6b64\u65b9\u3002\u5206\u80a2\u6563\u6cbb\u5c0f\u513f\u5352\u98ce\u3001\u6025\u60ca\u98ce\u53ca\u5927\u4eba\u53e3\u773c\ue81f\u659c\u3002\u4eca\u4eba\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51c9\u8188\u6563\u6cbb\u80ba\u70ed\uff0c\u821f\u8f66\u4e38\u6d88\u79ef\u6c14\u901a\u6c34\u9053\u5747\u7531\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u3002\u2461\u5f20\u5143\u7d20\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u65e2\u80fd\u6cfb\u80c3\u80a0\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u758f\u809d\u6cc4\u70ed\uff0c\u7136\u7ec8\u662f\u6e05\u70ed\u6cfb\u706b\u836f\uff0c\u4e13\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653b\u91cc\u6b20\u59a5\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u4e09\u5316\u6c64\uff08\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u539a\u6734\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u7f8c\u6d3b\uff09\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u98ce\u3002\u2462\u5f20\u4ece\u6b63\u7aed\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u6c57\u3001\u5410\u3001\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u901a\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u865a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u201c\u9648\u839d\u53bb\u800c\u80a0\u80c3\u6d01\uff0c\u7665\u7615\u5c3d\u800c\u8425\u536b\u660c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8865\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u771f\u8865\u5b58\u7109\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5112\u95e8\u4e8b\u4eb2\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6709167\u9996\u65b9\u5242\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5242\u7ea644\u9996\uff0c\u536026%\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u5987\u4eba\u8840\u67af\uff0c\u828e\u9ec4\u6c64\u6cbb\u5934\u76ee\u7729\u6655\uff0c\u593a\u547d\u6563\u6cbb\u5c0f\u513f\u80f8\u8188\u5598\u6ee1\uff0c\u516b\u6b63\u6563\u6cc4\u70ed\u5229\u5c3f\u7b49\u3002\u2463\u674e\u4e1c\u57a3\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u4e5f\u9887\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u590d\u5143\u6d3b\u8840\u6c64\u3001\u6258\u91cc\u6563\uff08\u6cbb\u4e00\u5207\u6076\u75ae\u3001\u53d1\u80cc\uff09\u3001\u6da6\u80a0\u4e38\u53ca\u67b3\u5b9e\u5bfc\u6ede\u4e38\u7b49\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5728\u6cbf\u7528\u3002\u2464\u6731\u4e39\u6eaa\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6cfb\u706b\u5373\u4fdd\u9634\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u5728\u300a\u4e39\u6eaa\u5fc3\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ea6\u6709247\u9996\u65b9\u5242\u5185\u542b\u6709\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u5934\u75db\u5982\u7834\uff0c\u6216\u6cbb\u6cc4\u75e2\u4e45\u4e0d\u6108\u3002\u5927\u828e\u9ec4\u6c64\u6cbb\u7834\u4f24\u98ce\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u714e\u6c64\u84b8\u6d17\u6cbb\u7597\u9ebb\u98ce\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u671d\u674e\u65f6\u73cd\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u5165\u8840\u5206\u7684\u964d\u706b\u8981\u836f\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u4e43\u8db3\u592a\u9634\u3001\u624b\u8db3\u9633\u660e\u3001\u624b\u8db3\u53a5\u9634\u4e94\u7ecf\u8840\u5206\u4e4b\u836f\uff0c\u51e1\u75c5\u5728\u4e94\u7ecf\u8840\u5206\u8005\u5b9c\u7528\u4e4b\u201d\uff08\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7eb2\u76ee\u300b\uff09\u3002\u9648\u5b9e\u529f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u79d1\u611f\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u4ee5\u81f4\u8d25\u8840\u75c7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u6cbb\u91d1\u75ae\u51fa\u8840\u4e0d\u6b62\u7684\u6843\u82b1\u6563\u662f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u77f3\u7070\u540c\u7092\u3002\u5f20\u666f\u5cb3\u5219\u79f0\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3a\u201c\u6cbb\u4e71\u4e16\u4e4b\u826f\u5c06\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4eba\u53c2\u3001\u719f\u5730\u3001\u9644\u5b50\u5408\u79f0\u201c\u836f\u4e2d\u4e4b\u56db\u7ef4\u201d\u3002\u5434\u6709\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u6e29\u75c5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u538c\u65e9\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u2460\u63d0\u51fa\u4f24\u5bd2\u4e0e\u65f6\u75ab\u7686\u80fd\u4f20\u81f3\u80c3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u7686\u662f\u8981\u836f\uff0c\u201c\u627f\u6c14\u672c\u4e3a\u9010\u90aa\u800c\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e13\u4e3a\u7ed3\u7caa\u800c\u8bbe\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e09\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u7684\u529f\u6548\u7686\u5728\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u4f59\u7686\u6cbb\u6807\u4e4b\u54c1\u201d\u3002\u2461\u6307\u51fa\u8335\u9648\u84bf\u6c64\u6cbb\u9ec4\u75b8\u7684\u4e3b\u836f\u662f\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2462\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3a\u5b89\u80ce\u4e4b\u5723\u836f\u201d\u3002\u2463\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u91cd\u60a3\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u75c7\u4ecd\u575a\u6301\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2464\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u5f20\u6025\u8bc1\u6025\u653b\uff0c\u201c\u77e5\u90aa\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u65e9\u53bb\u75c5\u6839\u201d\u4e43\u4e3a\u4e07\u5168\u4e4b\u7b56\u3002\u2465\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u201c\u4e00\u7a8d\u901a\u8bf8\u7a8d\u7686\u901a\uff0c\u5927\u5173\u901a\u800c\u767e\u5173\u5c3d\u901a\u201d\u7684\u8981\u836f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u4ee3\uff0c\u6e29\u75c5\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u6210\u719f\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u2460\u53f6\u5929\u58eb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u6e29\u70ed\u75c5\u8005\u4e0d\u8bba\u8868\u90aa\u7f62\u4e0e\u4e0d\u7f62\uff0c\u4f46\u517c\u91cc\u8bc1\u5373\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0b\u4e4b\u3002\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u4ecd\u53ef\u518d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2461\u5434\u97a0\u901a\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u524d\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e2d\u7126\u6e29\u75c5\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u4e0b\u7126\u6e29\u75c5\u4e5f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u914d\u4f0d\u7cbe\u5f53\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002\u4ed6\u5171\u521b\u5236\u4e86\u653b\u4e0b\u517c\u62a4\u80c3\u3001\u589e\u6db2\u3001\u6276\u6b63\u3001\u5f00\u7a8d\u3001\u6cfb\u706b\u5ba3\u80ba\u3001\u5316\u7600\u7b496\u9996\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\uff1a\u65b0\u52a0\u9ec4\u9f99\u6c64\u3001\u5ba3\u767d\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u5bfc\u8d64\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u725b\u9ec4\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u589e\u6db2\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u53ca\u62a4\u80c3\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3002\u2462\u6768\u6817\u5c71\u4e3b\u5f20\u6e29\u75ab\u6025\u4ee5\u9010\u79fd\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5236\u4e86\u5347\u964d\u6563\uff08\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u59dc\u9ec4\u3001\u8749\u8715\u3001\u50f5\u8695\uff0c\u7c73\u9152\u4e3a\u5f15\uff0c\u8702\u871c\u4e3a\u5bfc\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u6e29\u75ab\u7684\u9996\u8981\u65b9\uff0c\u8868\u91cc\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u914c\u7528\u3002\u84b2\u8f85\u5468\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u6e29\u75ab\u4e4b\u5347\u964d\u6563\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u56db\u65f6\u6e29\u75c5\u4e4b\u94f6\u7fd8\u6563\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u9ec4\u8fde\u5408\u7528\u662f\u89e3\u6bd2\u9010\u79fd\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5e05\u3002\u2463\u5510\u5b97\u6d77\u521b\u7acb\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u75be\u53ca\u54bd\u5589\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u4e39\u76ae\u6c64\u3001\u89e3\u6bd2\u6c64\u7b49\uff1b\u8fd8\u7528\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u90e8\u75f0\u706b\u8840\u6c14\u51dd\u6ede\u4e0d\u964d\uff0c\u5982\u6cfb\u80ba\u4e38\u3002\u2464\u5434\u5e08\u673a\u521b\u7acb\u8bb8\u591a\u5916\u7528\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u65b9\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u672b\u4ee5\u6c34\u4e3a\u4e38\u7eb3\u8110\u6cbb\u70ed\u75e2\uff0c\u7528\u918b\u8c03\u5927\u9ec4\u63a9\u8110\u4e0a\u4e3b\u6cbb\u5410\u8840\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u751f\u5730\u5207\u7247\u8d34\u51fa\u8840\u5904\u6cbb\u80c3\u70ed\u9f7f\u8844\u3002\u2465\u9648\u5149\u6dde\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u53ef\u4f7f\u75e7\u75b9\u5916\u900f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u75e7\u75b9\u5408\u5e76\u574f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u82e5\u91cc\u70ed\u58c5\u76db\u800c\u81f4\u6591\u4e0d\u6613\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u52a0\u5165\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u5143\u660e\u7c89\u7b49\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e4b\u54c1\u2026\u2026\u8151\u6c14\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u5b9e\u70ed\u6709\u5916\u51fa\u4e4b\u8def\u5219\u6591\u70b9\u53cd\u6613\u5916\u900f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u5f20\u9521\u7eaf\u5728\u300a\u533b\u5b66\u8877\u4e2d\u53c2\u897f\u5f55\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u2460\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u7594\u6bd2\u53ca\u6b62\u8840\u7684\u201c\u7279\u6548\u836f\u201d\u3002\u2461\u201c\u964d\u80c3\u6b62\u8840\u4e4b\u836f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3a\u6700\u8981\u3002\u201d\u2462\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u8111\u5145\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6025\u6027\u4e0a\u6d88\u5316\u9053\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\uff0c\u6025\u6162\u6027\u80be\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u809d\u6027\u8111\u75c5\uff0c\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u7a98\u8feb\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff0c\u591a\u810f\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u751a\u81f3\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u5371\u91cd\u6025\u8179\u75c7\uff0c\u80a5\u80d6\u75c5\uff0c\u9ad8\u8840\u538b\u3001\u9ad8\u8840\u8102\u3001\u9ad8\u5c3f\u9178\u3001\u9ad8\u5c3f\u7d20\u6c2e\u3001\u9ad8\u80c6\u7ea2\u7d20\u3001\u9ad8\u8840\u9ecf\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u8840\u7cd6\u3001\u9ad8\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u8840\u75c7\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u75c5\u75c7\u53ca\u5ef6\u7f13\u8870\u8001\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5747\u53d6\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7597\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2\u3000\u91cd\u7528\u4f9d\u636e<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u4f53\u6c14\u8840\u8d35\u5728\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u516d\u8151\u4ea6\u4ee5\u901a\u4e3a\u7528\u3002\u571f\u58e4\u8981\u677e\u52a8\uff0c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u8981\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6c14\u8840\u6d25\u6db2\uff0c\u4ee5\u7545\u4e3a\u987a\uff1a\u6c14\u5177\u6709\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5347\u964d\u51fa\u5165\uff1b\u8840\u5728\u8109\u7ba1\u4e2d\u6d41\u901a\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u606f\u4e5f\u662f\u810f\u8151\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ef2\u666f\u8bf4\u201c\u82e5\u4e94\u810f\u5143\u771f\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u4eba\u5373\u5b89\u548c\u201d\u3002\u4e3e\u51e1\u5916\u90aa\u4fb5\u88ad\uff0c\u60c5\u5fd7\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u996e\u98df\u5931\u8282\u7b49\u72af\u6270\u4eba\u4f53\uff0c\u5fc5\u81f4\u6c14\u8840\u51dd\u6ede\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u5931\u8c03\uff0c\u810f\u8151\u7d0a\u4e71\uff0c\u800c\u8bf8\u75be\u8702\u8d77\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u810f\u8151\u6c14\u8840\u901a\u7545\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e39\u6eaa\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6c14\u8840\u51b2\u548c\uff0c\u4e07\u75c5\u4e0d\u751f\uff1b\u4e00\u6709\u602b\u90c1\uff0c\u8bf8\u75c5\u751f\u7109\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u8c28\u5b88\u75c5\u673a\uff0c\u5404\u53f8\u5176\u5c5e\u2026\u2026\u5fc5\u5148\u4e94\u80dc\uff0c\u758f\u5176\u8840\u6c14\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u8c03\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u81f4\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5f00\u9b3c\u95e8\uff0c\u6d01\u51c0\u5e9c\u201d\u201c\u53bb\u5b9b\u9648\u839d\u201d\u7b49\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff0c\u300a\u5112\u95e8\u4e8b\u4eb2\u300b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u91ca\u201c\u79ef\u805a\u9648\u839d\u4e8e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7559\u7ed3\u5bd2\u70ed\u5728\u5185\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u900f\u53bb\uff0c\u5b9c\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cfb\u4e0b\u3002\u5f20\u4ece\u6b63\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u865a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u5112\u95e8\u4e8b\u4eb2\u300b\u5199\u9053\u201c\u9648\u839d\u53bb\u800c\u80a0\u80c3\u6d01\uff0c\u7665\u7615\u5c3d\u800c\u8425\u536b\u660c\u3002\u4e0d\u8865\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u771f\u8865\u5b58\u7109\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bba\u8ff0\u201c\u901a\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u5177\u6709\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u6545\u88ab\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u67f3\u5b9d\u8bd2\u66fe\u8bf4\u201c\u80c3\u4e3a\u4e94\u810f\u516d\u8151\u4e4b\u6d77\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e2d\u571f\uff0c\u6700\u5584\u5bb9\u7eb3\uff0c\u90aa\u70ed\u5165\u80c3\u5219\u4e0d\u590d\u4ed6\u4f20\uff0c\u6545\u6e29\u70ed\u75c5\u5f97\u653b\u4e0b\u800c\u89e3\u8005\u5341\u5c45\u516d\u4e03\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c1\u5927\u9ec4\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u6e29\u75c5\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

5.3\u3000\u529f\u80fd\u9610\u91ca<\/p>\n

\u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf4\u5927\u9ec4\uff1a\u5473\u82e6\uff0c\u5bd2\u3002\u4e3b\u4e0b\u7600\u8840\uff0c\u8840\u95ed\u5bd2\u70ed\uff0c\u7834\u7665\u7615\u79ef\u805a\uff0c\u7559\u996e\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\uff0c\u901a\u5229\u6c34\u8c37\uff0c\u8c03\u4e2d\u5316\u98df\uff0c\u5b89\u548c\u4e94\u810f\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u7f2a\u5e0c\u96cd\u5728\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u758f\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u7980\u4e4e\u5730\u4e4b\u9634\u6c14\u72ec\u539a\uff0c\u5f97\u4e4e\u5929\u4e4b\u5bd2\u6c14\u4ea6\u6df1\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u5473\u81f3\u82e6\uff0c\u5176\u6c14\u5927\u5bd2\u800c\u65e0\u6bd2\uff0c\u5165\u8db3\u9633\u660e\u3001\u592a\u9634\u3001\u53a5\u9634\uff0c\u5e76\u5165\u624b\u9633\u660e\u7ecf\uff0c\u6c14\u5473\u4ff1\u539a\uff0c\u5473\u539a\u5219\u53d1\u6cc4\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u6027\u731b\u5229\u3001\u5584\u4e0b\u6cc4\uff0c\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\u65e0\u6240\u963b\u788d\uff0c\u6240\u81f3\u8361\u5e73\uff0c\u6709\u6221\u5b9a\u7978\u4e71\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u6545\u53f7\u5c06\u519b\u3002\u5473\u539a\u5219\u5165\u9634\u5206\uff0c\u8840\u8005\u9634\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u4e3b\u4e0b\u7600\u8840\uff0c\u8840\u95ed\u5bd2\u70ed\uff0c\u7834\u7665\u7615\u79ef\u805a\uff0c\u7559\u996e\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u901a\u5229\u6c34\u8c37\uff0c\u5176\u66f0\u8c03\u4e2d\u5316\u98df\uff0c\u5b89\u548c\u4e94\u810f\u8005\uff0c\u6982\u6307\u810f\u8151\u79ef\u6ede\u65e2\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u5b9e\u90aa\u6563\u800c\u4e2d\u81ea\u8c03\uff0c\u810f\u81ea\u548c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u5927\u82e6\u5927\u5bd2\u4e4b\u54c1\uff0c\u6c14\u5473\u4ff1\u539a\uff0c\u5165\u8db3\u592a\u9634\u813e\uff0c\u624b\u8db3\u9633\u660e\u5927\u80a0\u3001\u80c3\uff0c\u624b\u8db3\u53a5\u9634\u5fc3\u5305\u3001\u809d\u7ecf\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u5165\u8840\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u6c89\u800c\u4e0d\u6d6e\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u8d70\u800c\u4e0d\u5b88\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u653b\u79ef\u5bfc\u6ede\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u6cfb\u706b\u51c9\u8840\uff0c\u6291\u9633\u517b\u9634\uff0c\u884c\u7600\u901a\u7edc\u7b49\u529f\u6548\u3002\u8840\u51dd\u5219\u7600\uff0c\u8840\u7ed3\u5219\u95ed\uff0c\u9634\u4e0d\u548c\u9633\uff0c\u6545\u5bd2\u70ed\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u5165\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0b\u6cc4\u7600\u8840\uff0c\u5219\u95ed\u8005\u901a\uff0c\u9634\u548c\u4e8e\u9633\uff0c\u800c\u5bd2\u70ed\u6b62\u77e3\u3002\u7665\u7615\u79ef\u805a\uff0c\u7686\u6709\u5f62\u4e4b\u5b9e\u90aa\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u6240\u81f3\u8361\u5e73\uff0c\u6545\u80fd\u7834\u4e4b\u3002\u7559\u996e\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u80c3\u4e0d\u80fd\u7eb3\uff0c\u5c0f\u80a0\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d7\uff0c\u4f20\u5316\u5931\u804c\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u5165\u80c3\u548c\u5c0f\u80a0\uff0c\u4e0b\u6cc4\u7559\u996e\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u5219\u9648\u8005\u53bb\u800c\u65b0\u8005\u8fdb\uff0c\u5176\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u80c3\u6da6\u800c\u80fd\u901a\u5229\u6c34\u8c37\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u963b\u788d\u80a0\u80c3\u4e2d\uff0c\u80a0\u80c3\u65e0\u788d\uff0c\u5219\u813e\u80c3\u548c\u800c\u98df\u6d88\u5316\u77e3\u3002\u4e94\u810f\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u7980\u6c14\u4e8e\u80c3\uff0c\u80c3\u8005\uff0c\u4e94\u810f\u4e4b\u672c\u4e5f\uff0c\u80c3\u6c14\u5b89\u5219\u4e94\u810f\u4e5f\u5b89\u3002\u9ec4\u714c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cfb\u4e0b\u836f\u3001\u6e05\u70ed\u836f\u548c\u6b62\u8840\u836f\uff0c\u5b83\u529f\u6548\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5371\u6025\u91cd\u75c7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u7ecd\u7434\u5148\u751f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u2460\u653b\u4e0b\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u5473\u82e6\u6027\u5bd2\uff0c\u8d70\u800c\u4e0d\u5b88\uff0c\u80fd\u6e05\u9633\u660e\u8574\u70ed\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u5bbf\u98df\uff0c\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u70ed\u5c5e\u5b9e\u800c\u5927\u4fbf\u71e5\u7ed3\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4f53\u5f31\u865a\u5bd2\u8005\u7981\u7528\u3002\u2461\u6e05\u70ed\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u80fd\u6cc4\u706b\uff0c\u5bd2\u80fd\u6e05\u70ed\u3002\u5bf9\u6e29\u90aa\u5316\u70ed\uff0c\u58ee\u70ed\u795e\u660f\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u8c35\u8bed\uff0c\u80ba\u80c3\u706b\u70bd\uff0c\u9f3b\u75ae\u5507\u80bf\uff0c\u7259\u75db\u53e3\u7cdc\uff1b\u6e7f\u70ed\u6cc4\u75e2\uff0c\u4fbf\u8840\u80a0\u98ce\uff1b\u809d\u70ed\u98ce\u706b\u4e0a\u6270\uff0c\u76ee\u8d64\u80bf\u75db\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ed\u8feb\u9633\u7edc\u4e4b\u5410\u8840\u3001\u8844\u8840\u3001\u6eba\u8840\u7b49\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u706b\u8574\u70ed\u8005\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u9009\u7528\u3002\u2462\u89e3\u6bd2\u3002\u51e1\u6e7f\u70ed\u8574\u6bd2\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8840\u5206\uff0c\u53d1\u4e3a\u75ae\u7596\uff1b\u809d\u80c6\u706b\u76db\uff0c\u8033\u4e2d\u6d41\u8113\uff1b\u90c1\u706b\u5185\u8574\uff0c\u5185\u85cf\u751f\u75c8\uff1b\u53ca\u4e00\u5207\u8840\u5206\u90c1\u70ed\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u75ae\u75a1\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u4ee5\u6cfb\u706b\u89e3\u6bd2\u3002\u2463\u901a\u7600\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u6027\u5584\u884c\u8d70\u800c\u5165\u8840\u5206\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u6d3b\u8840\u901a\u7600\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u56e0\u8840\u7600\u7edc\u8109\u5f15\u8d77\u80f8\u75db\u3001\u80c1\u75db\u3001\u8170\u75db\u7b49\u800c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u75db\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u901a\u7600\uff0c\u6bcf\u80fd\u75db\u968f\u5229\u51cf\u3002\u2464\u5916\u7528\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u78e8\u6c41\u6216\u7814\u7c89\u5916\u6577\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8840\u5206\u90c1\u800c\u751f\u75ae\u7596\u75c8\u75a1\u3001\u70eb\u4f24\u53ca\u56e0\u6e7f\u70ed\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u76ae\u80a4\u75d2\u75ae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59da\u6c38\u5e74\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5386\u4ee3\u533b\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u6cc4\u6d4a\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u8f83\u4e3a\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6cc4\u6d4a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u539f\u662f\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u65e2\u53ef\u6cc4\u6d4a\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u751f\u65b0\u3002\u5728\u865a\u8bc1\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5177\u5907\u8179\u80c0\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u3001\u80a0\u4e2d\u6709\u5bbf\u7caa\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u914d\u4f0d\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f7f\u8865\u5728\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c37\u6c14\u5f97\u6d88\uff0c\u8840\u8109\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u6536\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u4e4b\u65481\u3002<\/p>\n

1 \u59da\u6c38\u5e74.\u865a\u8bc1\u4e0d\u5fcc\u5927\u9ec4\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1989\uff085\uff09\uff1a35.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6625\u548c\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u7956\u4f20\u51e0\u4ee3\u5584\u7528\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u79cd\u6742\u75c7\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u836f\u4f53\u4f1a\u72ec\u7279\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u836f\u4e66\u3001\u836f\u5178\u53ca\u4e2d\u836f\u5b66\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u591a\u5c06\u5927\u9ec4\u5217\u4e3a\u9996\u4f4d\u6cfb\u4e0b\u5242\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u56ff\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f24\u6c14\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u6562\u653e\u80c6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u795b\u7600\u6e05\u70ed\u7406\u6c14\u5242\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cfb\u53bb\u75f0\u6d4a\u5b9e\u90aa\uff0c\u800c\u8fbe\u5316\u7600\u6e05\u70ed\u7406\u6c14\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\u9996\u5148\u80af\u5b9a\u5927\u9ec4\u201c\u4e0b\u7600\u8840\u3001\u8840\u95ed\u3001\u5bd2\u70ed\u3001\u7834\u7665\u7615\u79ef\u805a\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u4e91\u201c\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\u201d\u4e4b\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u758f\u809d\u7406\u6c14\u3001\u89e3\u90c1\u6563\u7ed3\u4f5c\u7528\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5f20\u9521\u7eaf\u4e91\u5927\u9ec4\u201c\u5176\u6c14\u9999\u2026\u2026\u80fd\u8c03\u6c14\u201d\u3002\u5316\u7600\u8840\u3001\u758f\u809d\u90c1\u3001\u6e05\u706b\u70ed\u3001\u89e3\u90aa\u6bd2\uff0c\u552f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u6548\u6700\u6377\uff0c\u51e1\u9633\u3001\u5b9e\u3001\u70ed\u8bc1\uff0c\u91cd\u5242\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u65e0\u865e\u3002\u91cd\u5242\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u901f\u6548\u836f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5bf9\u6c14\u6ede\u8840\u7600\u6240\u81f4\u72c2\u8bc1\u3001\u6c14\u8840\u7600\u95ed\u80de\u5bab\u81f4\u4e0d\u5b55\u75c7\uff0c\u75db\u7ecf\u3001\u6708\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8c03\u75c7\u3001\u6bd2\u70ed\u70bd\u76db\u4e4b\u75c8\u80bf\u3001\u75a5\u75ae\u3001\u761f\u6bd2\u75c7\u4ee5\u53ca\u8dcc\u635f\u3001\u5c0f\u513f\u60ca\u98ce\u3001\u8844\u8840\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u91cd\u5242\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u4e94\u4e03\u5242\u5373\u53ef\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u836f\u6240\u4e0d\u53ca\u7684\u3002\u300a\u672c\u8349\u6b63\u4e49\u300b\u4e91\u201c\u8fc5\u901f\u5584\u8d70\uff0c\u76f4\u8fbe\u4e0b\u7126\uff0c\u65e0\u575a\u4e0d\u7834\uff0c\u6709\u7281\u5ead\u626b\u7a74\u4e4b\u529f\u2026\u2026\u8fc5\u5982\u8d70\u4e38\uff0c\u4e00\u8fc7\u4e0d\u7559\u201d\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u901f\u6548\u4f5c\u4e86\u6070\u5207\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u7ff0\u537f\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u4f46\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u4fbf\u79d8\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u70ed\u8bc1\u3001\u706b\u70ed\u4e0a\u51b2\u8bc1\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u7600\u8840\u8bc1\u3001\u6e7f\u70ed\u8574\u7ed3\u8bc1\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u79ef\u6ede\u8bc1\u7b49\u5747\u6709\u5353\u6548\u3002\u2460\u653b\u4e0b\u901a\u4fbf\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u5bf9\u5b9e\u70ed\u3001\u6e7f\u70ed\u7684\u4fbf\u79d8\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u5b9c\uff1b\u6d25\u6db2\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u8840\u865a\u7684\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u6216\u6539\u7528\u589e\u6db2\u6da6\u80a0\u901a\u4fbf\u6216\u517b\u8840\u6da6\u80a0\u901a\u4fbf\u65b9\uff1b\u5bd2\u5b9e\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u867d\u7528\u5927\u9ec43g\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4f7f\u5927\u4fbf\u6cfb\u4e0b1\uff5e3\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e4b\u524d\u5f80\u5f80\u517c\u89c1\u8179\u75db\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u70ed\u7ed3\u6ede\u7684\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u6700\u5c11\u75289g\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u752815\uff5e30g\u624d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u2461\u6d88\u5bfc\u79ef\u6ede\uff1a\u80c3\u80a0\u79ef\u6ede\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u6cc4\u6216\u4fbf\u79d8\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u5bfc\u79ef\u6ede\u65f6\u7528\u91cf\u5b9c\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4ee51.5\uff5e3g\u4e3a\u4f73\uff0c\u82e5\u91cf\u5927\u5219\u6d88\u79ef\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c0f\u800c\u653b\u4e0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u2462\u6e05\u70ed\u6cfb\u706b\uff1a\u809d\u80c3\u5b9e\u706b\u6240\u81f4\u7684\u5934\u6655\u5934\u75db\u3001\u773c\u75c5\u3001\u8033\u75db\u3001\u7259\u75db\u3001\u53e3\u75ae\u3001\u5410\u8840\u8844\u8840\uff0c\u975e\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u6613\u53d6\u6548\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e38\u4e0e\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6cd5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u901a\u5fae\u6e8f\u4e3a\u4f73\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee4\u5927\u6cfb\u4e0b\u3002\u9ad8\u70ed\u53d1\u6591\uff0c\u653b\u4e0b\u592a\u751a\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u6591\u90aa\u5185\u9677\u3002\u653b\u4e0b\u4e0d\u8db3\u5219\u90aa\u6bd2\u4e0d\u6613\u795b\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7528\u91cf\u4ee5\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u4e3a\u4f73\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4fbf\u79d8\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u4ee53\uff5e9g\u4e3a\u5b9c\u3002\u2463\u795b\u7600\u6d3b\u8840\uff1a\u672c\u836f\u795b\u7600\u751f\u65b0\uff0c\u9010\u7600\u6d3b\u8840\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u7600\u8840\u517c\u4fbf\u79d8\u7684\u826f\u836f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u517c\u4fbf\u79d8\u7684\u7600\u80bf\u3001\u7665\u7615\u79ef\u805a\u3001\u51fa\u8840\u8bc1\u6548\u679c\u6700\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\u4ee5\u4fbf\u901a\u5fae\u6e8f\u4e3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u5927\u6cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ec5\u6cfb\u80a0\u80c3\u4e4b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f24\u6b63\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u7600\u8840\u4e0d\u9664\u3002\u2464\u71e5\u6e7f\u6e05\u70ed\uff1a\u672c\u836f\u6e05\u70ed\u71e5\u6e7f\uff0c\u5185\u670d\u6216\u5916\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6e7f\u75ae\u3001\u9ec4\u75b8\u3001\u6dcb\u8bc1\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u672c\u54c1\u82e6\u5bd2\u800c\u6cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fc7\u7528\u4f24\u813e\u8d25\u80c3\u800c\u6e7f\u90aa\u96be\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ec5\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u70ed\u91cd\u4e8e\u6e7f\u517c\u4fbf\u79d8\u7684\u6e7f\u70ed\u8bc1\uff0c\u7528\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u57283\uff5e6g\uff0c\u7528\u836f\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u6b21\u4e3a\u5ea6\u3002\u2465\u6cfb\u706b\u5b9a\u60ca\uff1a\u82e5\u9ad8\u70ed\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u8c35\u8bed\u60ca\u6410\uff0c\u6216\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u9762\u76ee\u7ea2\u8d64\uff0c\u72c2\u8e81\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\uff0c\u975e\u5927\u5242\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cfb\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4ee510\uff5e15g\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5b9c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u8bc1\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u91c7\u7528\u7280\u8fde\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u767d\u864e\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u725b\u9ec4\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u5927\u9677\u80f8\u6c64\u7b49\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u7ff0\u537f.\u4e2d\u56fd\u767e\u5e74\u767e\u540d\u4e2d\u533b\u4e34\u5e8a\u5bb6\u4e1b\u4e66\uff3bM\uff3d.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n

\u8d56\u4e49\u521d\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u813e\u80c3\u75c5\u3001\u809d\u80c6\u75be\u60a3\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u517c\u6742\u75c5\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c1\u6709\u98df\u6b32\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u6392\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7545\u6216\u706b\u90aa\u4e0a\u708e\u5404\u75c7\uff0c\u5e38\u4f50\u5c11\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e05\u706b\u70ed\uff0c\u8c03\u6c14\u8840\uff0c\u5065\u813e\u80c3\uff0c\u9664\u5b9e\u79ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u4fbf\u79d8\u4e00\u75c7\u3002\u9664\u5c11\u6570\u8151\u5b9e\u70ed\u8bc1\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a\u6bcf\u52423g\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u91cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u5cfb\u836f\u7f13\u4e0b\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u6027\u5cfb\u731b\uff0c\u653b\u4e0b\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u91cf\u5c0f\u5219\u52bf\u7f13\uff0c\u6cbb\u5bbf\u79ef\u5185\u505c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f24\u80c3\u6c14\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u542b\u6709\u82e6\u5473\u8d28\uff0c\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u80c3\u6db2\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u6709\u5065\u80c3\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u758f\u809d\u5229\u80c6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u80c6\u6c41\u5206\u6ccc\u3002\u4e09\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u7406\u6c14\u8840\uff0c\u5982\u5f20\u9521\u7eaf\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u201c\u5c11\u7528\u4e4b\u4ea6\u80fd\u8c03\u6c14\uff0c\u6cbb\u6c14\u90c1\u4f5c\u75db\u201d\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u6995\u751f.\u8d56\u4e49\u521d\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u836f\u7279\u8272\u70b9\u6ef4\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5b9e\u7528\u4e2d\u533b\u5185\u79d1\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1998\uff082\uff09\uff1a8.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6587\u745e\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u2460\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u653b\u90aa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u5177\u6709\u6cfb\u4e0b\u7834\u7ed3\u3001\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\u5b9e\u70ed\u79ef\u6ede\uff0c\u6cfb\u8840\u5206\u5b9e\u70ed\u3001\u4e0b\u7600\u8840\u3001\u7834\u7665\u7615\u3001\u884c\u6c34\u6c14\u7b49\u653b\u90aa\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u6cfb\u70ed\u3001\u901a\u4fbf\u3001\u9010\u7600\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u4e2d\u4e3a\u541b\u836f\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u6843\u6838\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3002\u4e2d\u5242\u91cf\u6cfb\u70ed\u3001\u901a\u4fbf\u3001\u9010\u7600\u529b\u5c45\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u4e2d\u4e3a\u81e3\u836f\u3002\u5982\u8335\u9648\u84bf\u6c64\uff0c\u53d6\u5176\u6cfb\u70ed\u9010\u7600\uff0c\u901a\u5229\u5927\u4fbf\uff0c\u52a9\u8335\u9648\u964d\u6cfb\u7600\u70ed\u800c\u9000\u9ec4\u3002\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u706b\u90c1\u3001\u79ef\u6ede\u8f83\u8f7b\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u4e8e\u6e05\u70ed\u6cfb\u706b\u4e4b\u5473\u4e2d\u5c11\u4f50\u4e4b\u4ee5\u52a9\u6e05\u6cfb\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u5982\u6e05\u80c3\u6563\uff0c\u6cbb\u80c3\u4e2d\u706b\u90c1\u3001\u79ef\u6ede\u8f83\u8f7b\u8005\u3002\u2461\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u8865\u76ca\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5065\u813e\u548c\u80c3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u813e\u80c3\u4e0d\u548c\uff0c\u6d88\u5316\u4e0d\u826f\uff0c\u98df\u6b32\u4e0d\u632f\uff0c\u8118\u8179\u80c0\u6ee1\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u6d88\u7626\uff1b\u795b\u7600\u751f\u65b0\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c11\u5973\u505c\u7ecf\u4e4b\u5e72\u8840\u75e8\uff1b\u655b\u8840\u6b62\u8840\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u80c3\u70ed\u76db\u4e4b\u5410\u8840\u3001\u54af\u8840\uff0c\u4e0b\u7126\u90c1\u70ed\u4e4b\u4fbf\u8840\u3001\u5c3f\u8840\uff1b\u6da9\u80a0\u6b62\u75e2\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5664\u53e3\u75e2\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u80fd\u653b\u5584\u5b88\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u6cfb\uff0c\u5c0f\u91cf\u53ef\u8865\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u5411\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u90b1\u5fb7\u6587.\u4e2d\u56fd\u540d\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u672f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u96c6\uff3bM\uff3d.\u8d35\u9633\uff1a\u8d35\u5dde\u79d1\u6280\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996.<\/p>\n

\u90d1\u5bb6\u672c\u5bf9\u6025\u9ec4\u75c5\u8bc1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4fbf\u79d8\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u5747\u4e88\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u6bd2\u7d20\uff0c\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u75c5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u62a2\u6551\u6210\u6d3b\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u513f\u79d1\u201c\u80ba\u80c3\u70ed\u70bd\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u70ed\u8bc1\u5019\uff0c\u90d1\u5bb6\u672c\u5e38\u5728\u62df\u65b9\u4e2d\u914d\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u7597\u6548\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5747\u672a\u89c1\u6709\u5f15\u90aa\u6df1\u5165\u4e4b\u5f0a\uff1b\u5728\u6cbb\u5c3f\u6bd2\u75c7\u3001\u6025\u8179\u75c7\u3001\u8d25\u8840\u8113\u6bd2\u75c7\u7b49\u6025\u6027\u75c5\u8bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u593a\u5173\u65a9\u5c06\u201d\uff0c\u5c61\u5efa\u5947\u529f\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u5218\u4fca.\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u533b\u5927\u5bb6\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u836f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5b9e\u5f55\uff3bM\uff3d.\u6c88\u9633\uff1a\u8fbd\u5b81\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2013.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u653b\u4e0b\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u795b\u7600\u3001\u6b62\u8840\u3001\u9000\u9ec4\u3001\u5229\u5c3f\u3001\u89e3\u6bd2\u53ca\u6297\u83cc\u3001\u6d88\u708e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u795b\u90aa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\u3001\u8c03\u4e2d\u5316\u98df\u3001\u5b89\u548c\u4e94\u810f\u7684\u8865\u76ca\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

5.4\u3000\u5e94\u7528\u6307\u5357<\/p>\n

5.4.1\u3000\u7528\u836f\u6307\u5f81<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ec4\u867d\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u6548\u3001\u7528\u9014\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u8981\u9886\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u4e13\u957f\u3002\u987b\u77e5\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u5bd2\uff0c\u6cfb\u70ed\u6bd2\u3001\u7834\u79ef\u6ede\u3001\u884c\u7600\u8840\u4e3a\u5176\u4e13\u957f\uff0c\u4e3a\u901a\u8151\u653b\u4e0b\u4e4b\u8981\u836f\u3002\u6545\u51e1\u5c5e\u91cc\u3001\u5b9e\u3001\u70ed\u3001\u9633\u8bc1\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u9002\u5e94\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u914c\u60c5\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3a\u541b\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u8f85\u4f50\u836f\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5168\u8eab\u75c7\u72b6\u591a\u6709\u9ad8\u70ed\uff0c\u54bd\u5e72\u820c\u71e5\uff0c\u6e34\u601d\u51b7\u996e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6b32\u98df\uff0c\u9762\u7ea2\u76ee\u8d64\uff1b\u795e\u5fd7\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u89c1\u70e6\u8e81\uff0c\u8c35\u8bed\u6216\u660f\u8ff7\uff1b\u80f8\u6ee1\u3001\u5598\u4fc3\u3001\u75f0\u591a\uff1b\u8179\u80c0\u6216\/\u548c\u8179\u75db\u62d2\u6309\uff1b\u5c0f\u4fbf\u77ed\u8d64\u3001\u707c\u70ed\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\u3001\u4e0d\u723d\u6216\u81ea\u5229\u6e05\u6c34\uff1b\u820c\u8d28\u7ea2\u3001\u7edb\uff0c\u82d4\u9ec4\u3001\u539a\u3001\u71e5\u751a\u81f3\u8d77\u523a\uff1b\u8109\u5927\u3001\u6ed1\u6570\u6216\u6c89\u5b9e\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5927\u9ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u533b\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u820c\u82d4\u3002\u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u8bba\u300b\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u8bc1\u6709\u201c\u53e3\u5e72\u71e5\u201d\u201c\u53e3\u71e5\u54bd\u5e72\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u9677\u80f8\u6c64\u8bc1\u6709\u201c\u820c\u4e0a\u71e5\u800c\u6e34\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u8981\u7565\u300b\u201c\u820c\u9ec4\u672a\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e4b\u9ec4\u81ea\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u820c\u8c61\u662f\u53e3\u71e5\u820c\u9ec4\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u6e29\u75c5\u5927\u5bb6\u5434\u6709\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u91cf\u5927\u6b21\u9891\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e00\u4e0b\u518d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u795b\u90aa\u52a1\u5c3d\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u8bca\u820c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u820c\u82d4\u591a\u5448\u9ec4\u82d4\uff0c\u6216\u9ec4\u817b\u82d4\uff0c\u6216\u7126\u9ec4\u82d4\u3002\u53f6\u5929\u58eb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f53\u5f81\u201c\u6700\u7d27\u8981\u8005\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9a8c\u820c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6216\u9ec4\u82d4\u6216\u5982\u6c89\u9999\u8272\u6216\u7070\u9ec4\u8272\u6216\u4e2d\u6709\u65ad\u7eb9\u201d\u8005\u5747\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u5434\u746d\u63d0\u51fa\u8109\u8c61\u6c89\u6570\u6709\u529b\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u6307\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8096\u4fca\u9038\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u4ee5\u64c5\u957f\u6cbb\u5371\u91cd\u7591\u96be\u75c5\u8bc1\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u5c24\u64c5\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u6e7f\u6e29\u6025\u8bc1\u3002\u5176\u6cbb\u6025\u8bc1\u5bcc\u6709\u80c6\u7565\uff0c\u7528\u836f\u679c\u6562\u3002\u66fe\u6cbb\u4e00\u6e7f\u6e29\u75c5\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u201c\u6f0f\u5e95\u4f24\u5bd2\u201d\uff0c\u6e7f\u70ed\u6781\u91cd\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4e00\u65e5\u6cfb\u4e0b\u6570\u5341\u6b21\uff0c\u4ecd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7b49\u836f\u6e05\u80a0\u89e3\u6bd2\uff0c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u90c1\u70ed\u800c\u83b7\u75ca\u6108\u3002\u5176\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fa8\u8bc1\uff0c\u5206\u6e05\u9634\u9633\u3002\u5728\u6cbb\u6025\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fa8\u8bc1\u8bba\u6cbb\uff0c\u5206\u6e05\u9634\u9633\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u8fa8\u8bc1\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u5c5e\u6027\u660e\u77ad\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u6cbb\u7597\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0d\u5984\u6295\u5242\u3002\u201d\u5982\u5176\u6cbb\u4e00\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u591c\u534a\u540e\u66b4\u6cfb\u4e0b\u6ce8\uff0c\u81f3\u5929\u660e\u5171\u6cfb\u56db\u5341\u4f59\u6b21\u3002\u4ee5\u81f4\u76ee\u9677\u76ae\u76b1\uff0c\u5f62\u524a\u58f0\u5636\uff0c\u795e\u75b2\u4f53\u8f6f\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u89c1\u6b64\uff0c\u7686\u8c13\u865a\u5bd2\uff0c\u50ac\u533b\u6025\u8fdb\u9644\u3001\u6842\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u8096\u8001\u8be6\u5ba1\u7ec6\u8fa8\uff0c\u53c8\u636e\u300a\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u201c\u66b4\u6ce8\u4e0b\u8feb\uff0c\u7686\u5c5e\u4e8e\u70ed\u201d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u9633\u660e\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u62df\u6e05\u80a0\u89e3\u6bd2\uff0c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u90c1\u70ed\uff0c\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e38\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b219g\uff0c\u8fde\u670d\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u66b4\u6cfb\u5373\u6b62\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u6025\u8bc1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u533b\u6025\u8bc1\u4e13\u8457\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u5373\u662f\u6cbb\u6025\u8bc1\u4e4b\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u9887\u5e7f\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e7f\u6e29\u75c5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u75c5\u8bc1\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u897f\u533b\u7684\u80a0\u4f24\u5bd2\uff0c\u800c\u80a0\u4f24\u5bd2\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u4e43\u4f24\u5bd2\u6746\u83cc\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u53d8\u662f\u80a0\u9ecf\u819c\u7ea2\u80bf\u53d1\u708e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6cbb\u7597\u5fc5\u987b\u6548\u4e09\u627f\u6c14\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8151\u6cfb\u70ed\uff0c\u89e3\u6bd2\u6d3b\u8840\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u836f\u7269\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u5218\u5e08\u4e2d.\u8096\u4fca\u9038\u533b\u5e08\u6cbb\u6025\u8bc1\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6c5f\u897f\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\uff0c1983\uff082\uff09\uff1a1-3.<\/p>\n

\u9ec4\u714c\u603b\u7ed3\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u836f\u8bc1\uff1a\u2460\u75db\u800c\u95ed\uff0c\u5373\u8179\u75db\u800c\u5927\u4fbf\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u5982\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6700\u5927\u91cf\uff08\u516d\u4e24\uff09\u7684\u5927\u9677\u80f8\u6c64\u4e3b\u6cbb\u201c\u5fc3\u4e0b\u75db\uff0c\u6309\u4e4b\u77f3\u786c\u8005\u201d\u201c\u4e0d\u5927\u4fbf\u4e94\u516d\u65e5\u2026\u2026\u4ece\u5fc3\u4e0b\u81f3\u5c11\u8179\u786c\u6ee1\u800c\u75db\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd1\u8005\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u548c\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e24\u8005\u4ff1\u5168\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u4ff1\u91cd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u5267\u70c8\u800c\u4e14\u6309\u4e4b\u6ee1\u75db\u8005\uff0c\u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u8bba\u300b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5b9e\u75db\u8005\uff0c\u6842\u679d\u52a0\u5927\u9ec4\u6c64\u4e3b\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\uff0c\u6307\u8179\u90e8\u6309\u4e4b\u75bc\u75db\u80c0\u6ee1\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u8981\u7565\u300b\u6709\u201c\u6309\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4e0b\u6ee1\u75db\u8005\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4e5f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u75db\uff0c\u6307\u8179\u75db\u3002\u5927\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5267\u70c8\u3002\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u5bf9\u4fbf\u4e0b\u8113\u8840\u6216\u6cfb\u4e0b\u9752\u6c34\u8005\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8179\u75db\u5267\u70c8\uff0c\u6309\u4e4b\u8179\u90e8\u786c\u6ee1\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8179\u6ee1\u800c\u75db\uff0c\u867d\u6709\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u75db\u82e6\u975e\u5e38\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u8179\u6ee1\u4e0d\u51cf\uff0c\u51cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b9c\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4e0d\u901a\u65e5\u4e45\u8005\u3002\u5982\u4e0d\u5927\u4fbf\u516d\u4e03\u65e5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5341\u4f59\u65e5\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u795e\u660f\u8c35\u8bed\u3001\u53d1\u6f6e\u70ed\u8005\u3002\u2461\u70e6\u800c\u70ed\u3002\u70e6\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u4eba\u5982\u72c2\u3001\u70e6\u8e81\u3001\u8c35\u8bed\u3001\u5fc3\u70ed\u3001\u76ee\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u7b49\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7126\u8651\u5fe7\u90c1\u3001\u5065\u5fd8\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u3001\u5934\u660f\u6655\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u51cf\u6162\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u9519\u4e71\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e3a\u201c\u70e6\u201d\u3002\u70ed\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u89c9\u8eab\u70ed\uff0c\u6216\u6f6e\u70ed\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u7b49\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9762\u7ea2\u5347\u706b\uff0c\u8e81\u52a8\u71e5\u70ed\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u591a\u6c57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u8840\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u70ed\u201d\u3002\u2462\u6ed1\u800c\u5b9e\uff1a\u4e3a\u8109\u8bc1\u3002\u6ed1\uff0c\u4e00\u6307\u8109\u6765\u6d41\u5229\uff0c\u5706\u6ed1\u9f13\u76db\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e5f\u6307\u8109\u640f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u5982\u8109\u6ed1\u800c\u75be\uff0c\u8109\u6570\u800c\u6ed1\u7b49\u3002\u5b9e\uff0c\u6307\u8109\u8c61\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u8109\u5b9e\u3001\u8109\u6ed1\u7b49\u3002\u8109\u4e4b\u771f\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u771f\u6709\u795e\uff0c\u65b9\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u3002\u5047\u6709\u529b\uff0c\u5047\u6709\u795e\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u5047\u5b9e\u8bc1\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u8109\u8c61\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u8840\u538b\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f53\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\u58ee\u5b9e\u3002\u6982\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a\u2460\u5927\u9ec4\u4f53\u8d28\u3002\u9002\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u8005\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4f53\u683c\u5065\u58ee\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u4e30\u6ee1\uff0c\u98df\u6b32\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8179\u80c0\uff1b\u6216\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u53e3\u5507\u6697\u7ea2\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u6613\u751f\u75ae\u75d8\uff1b\u8840\u538b\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u8840\u8102\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u8840\u9ecf\u5ea6\u504f\u9ad8\u3002\u591a\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e2d\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u3002\u2461\u5927\u9ec4\u820c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5178\u578b\u820c\u8c61\u662f\u53e3\u71e5\u820c\u9ec4\uff0c\u5373\u53e3\u8154\u5e72\u71e5\uff0c\u820c\u8d28\u7ea2\u800c\u575a\u8001\uff0c\u5176\u6216\u820c\u9762\u8d77\u523a\uff0c\u820c\u82d4\u9ec4\uff0c\u6216\u89c1\u7126\u9ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77f3\u666f\u4eae\u603b\u7ed3\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u836f\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u6307\u5f81\u662f\uff1a\u80c3\u80a0\u79ef\u70ed\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u62d2\u6309\uff1b\u8840\u70ed\u5984\u884c\u4e4b\u5410\u8840\uff0c\u8844\u8840\uff1b\u6e7f\u70ed\u9ec4\u75b8\uff1b\u76ee\u8d64\u80bf\u75db\uff1b\u7600\u6ede\u7ecf\u95ed\uff0c\u7665\u7615\u8179\u75db\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u77f3\u663e\u65b9\uff0c\u5085\u6587\u5f55.\u77f3\u666f\u4eae\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u9063\u65b9\u7528\u836f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u65f6\u73cd\u56fd\u533b\u56fd\u836f\uff0c2005\uff0812\uff09\uff1a146-147.<\/p>\n

5.4.2\u3000\u914d\u4f0d\u7ec4\u65b9<\/p>\n

\u53e4\u4eba\u4e91\uff1a\u836f\u6709\u4e2a\u6027\u4e4b\u4e13\u957f\uff0c\u65b9\u6709\u5408\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5999\u7528\u3002\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\uff0c\u5747\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u7269\u76f8\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u601d\u8def\u81f3\u4e3a\u7f1c\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u4e0e\u6cfb\u4e0b\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u2460\u914d\u653b\u4e0b\u6da6\u71e5\u4e4b\u8292\u785d\uff0c\u6cfb\u9633\u660e\u71e5\u5b9e\u3001\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u5434\u53c8\u53ef\u4e91\u201c\u5f97\u8292\u785d\u5219\u5927\u9ec4\u6709\u8361\u6da4\u4e4b\u80fd\u201d\u3002\u2461\u914d\u4f0d\u5cfb\u4e0b\u9010\u6c34\u4e4b\u7518\u9042\uff0c\u6cfb\u70ed\u9010\u996e\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7ed3\u4e8e\u80f8\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6c34\u70ed\u4ece\u5927\u4fbf\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u5219\u8bf8\u75c7\u81ea\u6108\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u9677\u80f8\u6c64\u3002\u2462\u914d\u4f0d\u901a\u4fbf\u4e4b\u706b\u9ebb\u4ec1\u3001\u674f\u4ec1\uff0c\u6da6\u80a0\u901a\u4fbf\uff0c\u5982\u9ebb\u5b50\u4ec1\u4e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u4e0e\u6e05\u70ed\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u2460\u914d\u82e6\u5bd2\u6cfb\u706b\u836f\u5982\u82a9\u8fde\u67cf\u6800\uff0c\u5982\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u6e05\u90aa\u70ed\u5185\u9677\u4e4b\u75de\uff1b\u8335\u9648\u84bf\u6c64\u6cbb\u6e7f\u70ed\u9ec4\u75b8\u3002\u2461\u914d\u6e05\u70ed\u51c9\u8840\u4e4b\u4e39\u76ae\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u9ec4\u7261\u4e39\u6c64\u7528\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u80a0\u75c8\u521d\u8d77\u8113\u672a\u6210\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u80a0\u4e2d\u70ed\u6bd2\u7600\u6ede\u8361\u6da4\u4e8e\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u4e0e\u7406\u6c14\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u5982\u4e0e\u7406\u6c14\u836f\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\u914d\uff0c\u9676\u8282\u5eb5\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53bb\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u65e0\u67b3\u5b9e\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u201d\u67ef\u97f5\u4f2f\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u8bf8\u75c5\u7686\u56e0\u4e8e\u6c14\uff0c\u79fd\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u4e4b\u4e0d\u987a\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u653b\u79ef\u4e4b\u5242\u5fc5\u7528\u6c14\u5206\u4e4b\u836f\u3002\u201d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u6240\u5236\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u5c0f\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u539a\u6734\u5927\u9ec4\u6c64\u3001\u539a\u6734\u4e09\u7269\u6c64\u3001\u539a\u6734\u4e03\u7269\u6c64\u3001\u9ebb\u5b50\u4ec1\u4e38\u7b49\u65b9\u4e2d\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\u5e76\u7528\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u4e0e\u7406\u8840\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u5982\u4e0e\u6843\u4ec1\u914d\u4f7f\u7834\u8840\u9010\u7600\u4e4b\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\uff1b\u4e0e\u866b\u7c7b\u914d\u80fd\u6d88\u7665\u9664\u7615\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff085\uff09\u4e0e\u89e3\u8868\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u5982\u6842\u679d\u52a0\u5927\u9ec4\u6c64\u8bc1\u80fd\u8fbe\u8868\u91cc\u53cc\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u90aa\u4ece\u8868\u91cc\u540c\u53bb\u4e4b\u6548\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u5b59\u601d\u9088\u6df1\u5f97\u4ef2\u666f\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u521b\u201c\u6c34\u89e3\u6563\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u9ebb\u9ec4\uff0c\u6e05\u70ed\u53d1\u6c57\u89e3\u8868\uff0c\u4e3b\u6cbb\u65f6\u884c\u5934\u75db\u58ee\u70ed\u3002\u4e24\u836f\u76f8\u914d\uff0c\u6c57\u4e0b\u517c\u884c\uff0c\u4f7f\u65f6\u884c\u90c1\u70ed\u4e4b\u90aa\u81ea\u5185\u8fbe\u5916\u800c\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff086\uff09\u4e0e\u6e29\u91cc\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u5982\u4e0e\u9644\u5b50\u914d\u5bd2\u6e29\u540c\u7528\uff0c\u65e2\u6cbb\u7597\u536b\u9633\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u90aa\u70ed\u6709\u4f59\u7684\u75de\u8bc1\uff1b\u53c8\u53ef\u6cbb\u5bd2\u79d8\u75c5\u8bc1\u3002\u4e09\u7269\u5907\u6025\u4e38\u4e43\u662f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u5e72\u59dc\u3001\u5df4\u8c46\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u65f6\u65b9\u6b4c\u62ec\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5e72\u59dc\u6563\u4e2d\u7126\u5bd2\u90aa\uff0c\u5df4\u8c46\u9010\u80a0\u80c3\u51b7\u79ef\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u901a\u5730\u9053\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u89e3\u5df4\u8c46\u6bd2\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5236\u4e4b\u5e08\u4e5f\u2026\u2026\u6b64\u5219\u6cbb\u5bd2\u7ed3\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u6545\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4f50\u5e72\u59dc\u3001\u5df4\u8c46\u4ee5\u76f4\u653b\u5176\u5bd2\u3002\u201d\u4e09\u836f\u76f8\u914d\uff0c\u4e00\u5bd2\u4e8c\u70ed\uff0c\u6027\u5473\u76f8\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u76d1\u5236\u5df4\u8c46\u4e4b\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u201c\u653b\u9010\u51b7\u79ef\u201d\u4e4b\u6e29\u4e0b\u4ee3\u8868\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff087\uff09\u4e0e\u8865\u865a\u836f\u914d\u4f0d\uff1a\u795b\u90aa\u4e0d\u4f24\u6b63\uff0c\u6276\u6b63\u52ff\u6ede\u90aa\u3002\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u795b\u90aa\uff0c\u6bcf\u591a\u517c\u987e\u6b63\u6c14\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u5e74\u8001\u4f53\u5f31\u3001\u4ea7\u540e\u3001\u6d25\u4e8f\u8840\u865a\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u5e38\u914d\u4f0d\u4eba\u53c2\u3001\u963f\u80f6\u3001\u5730\u9ec4\u3001\u767d\u828d\u3001\u7518\u8349\u3001\u8702\u871c\u7b49\u8865\u865a\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u6276\u6b63\u795b\u90aa\uff0c\u5982\u9cd6\u7532\u714e\u4e38\u3002\u540e\u4e16\u5434\u97a0\u901a\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u76847\u79cd\u52a0\u51cf\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u589e\u6db2\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u9ec4\u9f99\u6c64\u3001\u62a4\u80c3\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u4e09\u65b9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6276\u6b63\u795b\u90aa\u4e4b\u5242\uff0c\u4f7f\u90aa\u795b\u800c\u6b63\u6c14\u6e10\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u666f\u5cb3\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u70ae\u5236\u53ca\u914d\u4f0d\u9887\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u6b32\u901f\u8005\u751f\u7528\uff0c\u6b32\u7f13\u8005\u719f\u7528\u201d\u3002\u6c14\u865a\u914d\u4eba\u53c2\uff0c\u8840\u865a\u914d\u5f53\u5f52\uff1b\u4f50\u4ee5\u7518\u8349\u3001\u6854\u6897\u7f13\u5176\u884c\uff1b\u4f50\u4ee5\u8292\u785d\u3001\u539a\u6734\u76ca\u52a9\u5176\u9510\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u7ecd\u7434\u5148\u751f\u4e34\u5e8a\u5584\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7531\u4e8e\u6240\u52a0\u836f\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u6c14\u5206\u836f\u3001\u8840\u5206\u836f\u3001\u54b8\u5bd2\u836f\u3001\u6e29\u9633\u836f\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u589e\u5f3a\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5176\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u914d\u4f0d\u6709\uff1a\u2460\u539a\u6734\u3002\u82e6\u6e29\u884c\u6c14\uff0c\u5e73\u80c3\u5bbd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cc4\u4e2d\u7126\u5b9e\u6ee1\u4e4b\u6c14\u5206\u836f\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u5bd2\u653b\u6cc4\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u4e2d\u7126\u5f97\u8212\uff0c\u4e0b\u7126\u5f97\u7545\uff0c\u4e3a\u758f\u6c14\u673a\u3001\u6cc4\u91cc\u5b9e\u4e4b\u826f\u5242\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ef2\u666f\u539a\u6734\u4e09\u7269\u6c64\u3002\u2461\u8292\u785d\u3002\u54b8\u80fd\u8f6f\u575a\uff0c\u82e6\u80fd\u6cc4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bd2\u80fd\u9664\u70ed\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u4e09\u7126\u80a0\u80c3\u5b9e\u79ef\u3002\u5408\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u6cc4\u7834\u7600\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653b\u575a\u8361\u79ef\uff0c\u6cc4\u70ed\u795b\u7600\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f24\u5bd2\u8bba\u4e2d\u9633\u660e\u8151\u5b9e\u4e4b\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u53ca\u8c03\u80c3\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u6b64\u914d\u5408\u3002\u4f46\u975e\u5b9e\u70ed\u95ed\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ee5\u6295\uff0c\u6050\u8bdb\u4f10\u592a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bef\u4f24\u6b63\u6c14\u3002\u2462\u9ebb\u4ec1\u3002\u9ebb\u4ec1\u7518\u5e73\u6ed1\u6da6\uff0c\u80fd\u6da6\u80a0\u901a\u4fbf\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u8361\u6da4\u5bbf\u79ef\u800c\u80fd\u5316\u7600\uff0c\u4e8c\u5473\u540c\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u6da6\u71e5\u6ed1\u80a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u7528\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e38\u5242\uff0c\u5982\u9ebb\u4ec1\u4e38\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u80c3\u5f3a\u813e\u5f31\uff0c\u6d25\u6db2\u4e0d\u5f97\u56db\u5e03\uff0c\u5c0f\u4fbf\u6570\u800c\u5927\u4fbf\u786c\u4e4b\u813e\u7ea6\u8bc1\u3002\u2463\u9ec4\u8fde\u3002\u82e6\u5bd2\u6cc4\u706b\uff0c\u9664\u70e6\u6cfb\u5fc3\u51c9\u8840\u800c\u539a\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u9ec4\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u5b88\u4e00\u8d70\uff0c\u964d\u706b\u6cc4\u70ed\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u706b\u70ed\u7ed3\u6ede\uff0c\u76ee\u8d64\u53e3\u75ae\u6216\u6e7f\u70ed\u53d1\u9ec4\uff0c\u5b9e\u70ed\u8feb\u8840\u5984\u884c\u7b49\u8bc1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ef2\u666f\u5927\u9ec4\u9ec4\u8fde\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u7b49\u3002\u2464\u4e39\u76ae\u3002\u8f9b\u7518\u5fae\u5bd2\uff0c\u6cc4\u8840\u4e2d\u4f0f\u706b\uff0c\u548c\u8840\u3001\u51c9\u8840\u800c\u751f\u65b0\u8840\uff0c\u4e3a\u5410\u8844\u5e38\u7528\u4e4b\u836f\uff0c\u5408\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u6e05\u70ed\u89e3\u6bd2\uff0c\u901a\u7600\u7834\u79ef\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6cbb\u8840\u5206\u6e7f\u70ed\u90c1\u7ed3\u800c\u6210\u4e4b\u75ae\u75a1\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u80a0\u75c8\u5c1a\u672a\u5316\u8113\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u91d1\u532e\u5927\u9ec4\u7261\u4e39\u6c64\u3002\u2465\u8335\u9648\u3002\u82e6\u5bd2\u6e05\u70ed\u71e5\u6e7f\uff0c\u80fd\u6cc4\u4e2d\u7126\u6e7f\u70ed\uff0c\u914d\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u5bd2\u6cc4\u70ed\uff0c\u6d3b\u8840\u5316\u7600\uff0c\u80fd\u6cbb\u6e7f\u70ed\u53d1\u9ec4\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u9c9c\u660e\u5982\u6a58\u76ae\u8272\u8005\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8335\u9648\u84bf\u6c64\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u2466\u9644\u5b50\u3002\u8f9b\u7518\u7eaf\u9633\u5927\u70ed\uff0c\u6027\u6d6e\u5584\u8d70\uff0c\u80fd\u6e29\u4e0b\u7126\u4ee5\u795b\u75fc\u75be\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u9633\u9000\u9634\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u9ec4\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6c89\u5bd2\u79ef\u51b7\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5353\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u9ec4\u9644\u5b50\u6c64\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u82e5\u4f53\u8d28\u8fc7\u865a\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u7528\u540e\u5b9c\u670d\u76ca\u6c14\u548c\u4e2d\u4e4b\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5176\u75c5\u53bb\u6b63\u4f24\u800c\u81f4\u865a\u8131\u3002\u2467\u45ea\u866b\u3002\u54b8\u5bd2\u7834\u575a\u4e0b\u8840\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u5408\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6d3b\u8840\u795b\u7600\u529f\u6548\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u6cbb\u8179\u4e2d\u6709\u5e72\u8840\u4e4b\u4e94\u52b3\u865a\u6781\u3001\u7fb8\u7626\u4e0d\u80fd\u98df\u3001\u808c\u80a4\u7532\u9519\u7b49\u75c7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u9ec4\u45ea\u866b\u4e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6731\u826f\u6625\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\u611f\u65f6\u90aa\uff0c\u536b\u6c14\u540c\u75c5\uff0c\u80ba\u80c3\u58c5\u70ed\uff0c\u75c7\u89c1\u9ad8\u70ed\u3001\u70e6\u6e34\u3001\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u751a\u5219\u795e\u660f\u8c35\u8bed\u8005\u3002\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u5cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u77f3\u818f\u6e05\u70ed\uff0c\u4e8c\u836f\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u6cfb\u7ecf\u8151\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u987f\u632b\u70ed\u52bf\uff0c\u5b58\u9634\u4fdd\u6d25\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u7597\u7a0b\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u6731\u826f\u6625.\u6731\u826f\u6625\u533b\u96c6\uff3bM\uff3d.\u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u4e2d\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u7ff0\u537f\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u80c3\u80a0\u79ef\u6ede\u3001\u6cfb\u75e2\u6216\u4fbf\u79d8\uff1a\u80c3\u8118\u80c0\u75db\u3001\u62d2\u6309\u3001\u5c3f\u8d64\u3001\u82d4\u9ec4\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u8005\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\uff1b\u80c3\u8118\u80c0\u75db\u3001\u62d2\u6309\u3001\u82d4\u767d\u3001\u5c3f\u6e05\u3001\u5927\u4fbf\u7a00\u6e8f\u6216\u65f6\u79d8\u65f6\u6e8f\u8005\uff0c\u914d\u5165\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u5e72\u59dc\uff0c\u813e\u865a\u8005\u518d\u52a0\u7126\u767d\u672f\uff1b\u4e45\u75e2\u3001\u4e45\u6cfb\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u800c\u4e0d\u723d\u6216\u91cc\u6025\u540e\u91cd\u3001\u6216\u4fbf\u517c\u9ecf\u6db2\u3001\u80c3\u8118\u75de\u6ee1\u3001\u9047\u51b7\u52a0\u91cd\u8005\uff0c\u52a0\u515a\u53c2\u3001\u767d\u672f\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u6728\u9999\u3001\u5e72\u59dc\u3001\u5c71\u836f\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u674e\u7ff0\u537f.\u4e2d\u56fd\u767e\u5e74\u767e\u540d\u4e2d\u533b\u4e34\u5e8a\u5bb6\u4e1b\u4e66\uff3bM\uff3d.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n

\u88f4\u6b63\u5b66\u5584\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u4e34\u5e8a\u7591\u96be\u6742\u8bc1\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u8457\u6709\u300a\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u836f\u6c14\u5473\u4ff1\u539a\uff0c\u6027\u5bd2\u82e6\u6cfb\uff0c\u662f\u6cfb\u706b\u3001\u7834\u79ef\u3001\u964d\u6d4a\u4e4b\u8981\u836f\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u914d\u4f0d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u914d\u8292\u785d\u53ef\u653b\u4e0b\u7834\u79ef\uff1b\u914d\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\u53ef\u5bfc\u6ede\u901a\u8151\uff1b\u914d\u9ec4\u8fde\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\u53ef\u6e05\u70ed\u6cfb\u706b\uff1b\u914d\u9644\u5b50\u53ef\u6e29\u80be\u964d\u6d4a\uff0c\u5c11\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u53c8\u53ef\u5065\u813e\u5f00\u80c3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ec4\u714c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u539a\u6734\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e3b\u6cbb\u80f8\u8179\u6ee1\u75db\u800c\u4fbf\u79d8\u8005\uff1b\u914d\u6843\u4ec1\u3001\u6842\u679d\uff0c\u901a\u7ecf\u6d3b\u8840\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u6708\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8c03\u3001\u95ed\u7ecf\uff1b\u914d\u9ec4\u8fde\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5fc3\u4e0b\u75de\uff1b\u914d\u5c71\u6800\u3001\u9ec4\u67cf\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u9633\u9ec4\uff1b\u914d\u9644\u5b50\u3001\u5e72\u59dc\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u8179\u5927\u75db\u800c\u7cbe\u795e\u840e\u9761\uff0c\u6076\u5bd2\u81ea\u6c57\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6625\u548c\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7956\u4f20\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u52a0\u8292\u785d\uff0c\u6cfb\u800c\u4e0d\u4f24\uff0c\u4e8e\u75c5\u6709\u76ca\uff1b\u52a0\u8292\u785d\u5219\u6cfb\u800c\u4f24\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u65f6\u7981\u4e0e\u8292\u785d\u4e3a\u4f0d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u7389\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\u4e3a\u836f\u5bf9\u914d\u4f0d\u539a\u6734\u3001\u7802\u4ec1\u7b49\u836f\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\uff1b\u5927\u67f4\u80e1\u6c64\u6cbb\u7597\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u836f\uff0c\u67f4\u80e1\u8f85\u4ee5\u4e3a\u836f\u5bf9\u3002\u670d\u836f\u540e\u5e94\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5373\u6bcf2\u5c0f\u65f6\u670d\u836f1\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u670d\u836f5\u6b21\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u5929\u5e942\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc73\u6b21\u4e3a\u5b9c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8179\u75db\u51cf\u8f7b\u540e\u51cf\u91cf\u30021\u53e6\u5916\u5e38\u7528\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u501f\u5176\u901a\u964d\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f0d\u4ee5\u5347\u6d6e\u4e4b\u836f\uff0c\u5347\u964d\u76f8\u56e0\uff0c\u5347\u6e05\u964d\u6d4a\u4ee5\u6108\u987d\u75be\u3002\u5176\u7528\u65b9\u4eff\u6e05\u4ee3\u6768\u6817\u5c71\u5347\u964d\u6563\u4e4b\u4e49\uff08\u8749\u8715\u3001\u50f5\u8695\u3001\u59dc\u9ec4\u3001\u5927\u9ec4\uff09\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6162\u6027\u54bd\u708e\u5e38\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u7384\u9ea6\u7518\u6854\u6c64\u52a0\u8749\u8715\u3001\u8346\u82a5\u3001\u8584\u8377\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u54b3\u5598\u8bf8\u75be\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u9ebb\u9ec4\u6c64\u3001\u4e8c\u9648\u6c64\u3001\u4e09\u5b50\u517b\u4eb2\u6c64\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u4e09\u53c9\u795e\u7ecf\u75db\u7528\u5347\u964d\u6563\u539f\u65b9\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u7528\u7ec6\u8f9b\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u5347\u6d6e\u836f\u540c\u7528\uff0c\u53d6\u5176\u5347\u6e05\u964d\u6d4a\u4e4b\u7406\uff0c\u5347\u6d6e\u836f\u4ee5\u5347\u9633\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6e05\u9633\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u4ee5\u964d\u9634\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6d4a\u9634\uff0c\u4e00\u5347\u4e00\u964d\uff0c\u5185\u5916\u901a\u548c\uff0c\u6c14\u673a\u7545\u8fbe\uff0c\u6563\u9006\u6d4a\u7ed3\u6ede\u4e4b\u90aa\uff0c\u8f9f\u4e00\u5207\u602b\u90c1\u4e4b\u6c14\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u5ba3\u900f\u98ce\u70ed\uff0c\u6e05\u70ed\u89e3\u6bd2\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u5316\u7600\u964d\u6d4a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cbb\u6c14\u8840\u9006\u4e71\uff0c\u5b89\u548c\u810f\u8151\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u51e1\u914d\u4f0d\u5347\u964d\u76f8\u56e0\u4e4b\u5242\uff0c\u7ec4\u65b9\u4e2d\u5927\u9ec4\u7686\u7528\u9152\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a9\u5347\u964d\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u7528\u9152\u5236\u5927\u9ec4\u901a\u8151\u8c03\u6c14\u4e4b\u529b\u66f4\u4f73\u3002\u672c\u6cd5\u6ce8\u91cd\u5927\u9ec4\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e4b\u52bf\u800c\u4e0d\u62d8\u4e8e\u6cfb\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u901a\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u6c14\u8840\u8c03\u548c\uff0c\u810f\u8151\u5b89\u548c\u201d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u30022<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u7389\u548c.\u5927\u9ec4\u836f\u5bf9\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8fd0\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\uff0c1999\uff083\uff09\uff1a59-60.<\/p>\n

2 \u674e\u7389\u548c\uff0c\u8d75\u5bb6\u658c.\u8c08\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u52bf\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5b9e\u7528\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2000\uff086\uff09\uff1a46.<\/p>\n

\u675c\u4e66\u5b66\u6cbb\u7597\u9ec4\u75b8\u75c5\u8bc1\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5c5e\u4f55\u56e0\u4e4b\u75b8\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8001\u5c11\uff0c\u6089\u5728\u8fa8\u8bc1\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u4e2d\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8f66\u524d\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u4f7f\u4e3a\u7528\uff0c\u5e38\u662f\u4ec5\u8fdb\u6570\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u75b8\u9000\u75c5\u7f13\u3002\u7136\u4e8c\u836f\u5b9e\u5c5e\u653b\u4f10\u4e4b\u54c1\uff0c\u82e5\u4f53\u865a\u6b63\u8870\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u5f53\u6807\u672c\u517c\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u72af\u865a\u865a\u4e4b\u6212\u4e5f\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u9648\u4e91\u5fd7\uff0c\u5218\u4fca.\u4e2d\u533b\u4e0d\u4f20\u4e4b\u79d8\u5728\u4e8e\u91cf \u5bfb\u627e\u4e2d\u836f\u91cd\u5242\u53d6\u6548\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\uff3bM\uff3d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u533b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6587\u745e\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff1a\u2460\u914d\u9644\u5b50\uff0c\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u8981\u7565\u300b\u5927\u9ec4\u9644\u5b50\u6c64\uff0c\u6cbb\u5bd2\u79ef\u91cc\u5b9e\uff1b\u914d\u5e72\u59dc\uff0c\u300a\u5907\u6025\u5343\u91d1\u8981\u65b9\u300b\u6e29\u813e\u6c64\uff0c\u6cbb\u51b7\u79ef\u3001\u4e45\u5229\u3002\u2461\u914d\u4eba\u53c2\u3001\u5f53\u5f52\uff0c\u300a\u4f24\u5bd2\u516d\u4e66\u300b\u9ec4\u9f99\u6c64\uff0c\u6cbb\u91cc\u70ed\u7ed3\u4fbf\u517c\u6c14\u8840\u865a\u5f31\u8005\uff1b\u914d\u56db\u7269\u6c64\uff0c\u6cbb\u598a\u5a20\u4f24\u5bd2\u4fbf\u79d8\u3001\u6eb2\u8d64\u3001\u6c14\u6ee1\uff1b\u914d\u589e\u6db2\u6c64\uff0c\u300a\u6e29\u75c5\u6761\u8fa8\u300b\u589e\u6db2\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\uff0c\u6cbb\u9633\u660e\u6e29\u75c5\uff0c\u70ed\u7ed3\u9634\u4e8f\u3002\u2462\u914d\u5927\u84df\u3001\u5c0f\u84df\uff0c\u300a\u5341\u836f\u795e\u4e66\u300b\u5341\u7070\u6563\uff0c\u6cbb\u8840\u70ed\u5984\u884c\uff0c\u5410\u8840\u8844\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u742a\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u6cbb\u7597\u987d\u56fa\u6027\u6c34\u80bf\u5f80\u5f80\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u7518\u9042\uff0c\u914d\u4ee5\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\u3001\u4e09\u68f1\u3001\u83aa\u672f\u3001\u69df\u6994\u3001\u7275\u725b\u5b50\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff1b\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u4f8b\u6025\u6027\u5410\u8840\u8844\u8840\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u8d6d\u77f3\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\u3001\u9ec4\u8fde\u5408\u7528\uff1b\u5927\u9ec4\u53c8\u5584\u6cbb\u5c3f\u9053\u75db\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u524d\u5217\u817a\u708e\u53ca\u589e\u751f\u7684\u826f\u836f\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u524d\u5217\u817a\u589e\u751f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u6843\u4ec1\u4e3a\u836f\u5bf9\uff1b\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u80be\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u82e6\u5bd2\u6e05\u6cfb\u70ed\u7ed3\uff0c\u8832\u9664\u6d4a\u6bd2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u914d\u4ee5\u7802\u4ec1\u3001\u8349\u679c\u3001\u82cd\u672f\u3001\u85ff\u9999\u82b3\u9999\u9192\u813e\u3001\u5316\u6e7f\u8f9f\u79fd\uff1b\u72c2\u8e81\u578b\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5927\u591a\u7531\u75f0\u706b\u6270\u5fc3\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u791e\u77f3\u3001\u7518\u9042\u3001\u77f3\u83d6\u84b2\u3001\u90c1\u91d1\u3001\u8292\u785d\u3001\u539a\u6734\u7b49\u5408\u7528\u6cbb\u7597\uff1b\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u963b\u585e\u6027\u80ba\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6162\u6027\u652f\u6c14\u7ba1\u708e\u3001\u963b\u585e\u6027\u80ba\u6c14\u80bf\u3001\u80ba\u5fc3\u75c5\u4e43\u81f3\u6025\u5371\u91cd\u75c7\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u7a98\u8feb\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u8476\u82c8\u5b50\u3001\u9c7c\u8165\u8349\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\u3001\u674f\u4ec1\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u539a\u6734\u7b49\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4ee5\u5927\u4fbf\u6392\u51fa\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u6b21\uff0c\u6210\u5f62\u8f6f\u4fbf\u4e3a\u5ea6\u30024<\/p>\n

4 \u5b59\u5143\u83b9\uff0c\u90ed\u8302\u677e\uff0c\u59dc\u5fb7\u53cb.\u5f20\u742a\u8fd0\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u8fbd\u5b81\u4e2d\u533b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2006\uff083\uff09\uff1a270-272.<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u7518\u8349\u6709\u6b62\u5410\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u751f\u7518\u8349\uff0c\u5408\u4ee5\u65cb\u8986\u82b1\u3001\u534a\u590f\u3001\u515a\u53c2\u7b49\u6cbb\u7597\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u5455\u5410\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6ee1\u610f\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

5.4.3\u3000\u5242\u91cf\u88c1\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u52a0\u51cf\u53d8\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u8bb2\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u539a\u6734\u4e09\u7269\u6c64\u3001\u539a\u6734\u5927\u9ec4\u6c64\u53ca\u5c0f\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u836f\u5473\u7ec4\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u4ec5\u5242\u91cf\u6709\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ec4\u653b\u8865\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u4ee5\u201c\u8865\u201d\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u4ee5\u653b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\uff083g\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff09\u6709\u5065\u80c3\u52a9\u6d88\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u4e2d\u7b49\u5242\u91cf\uff081\uff5e2g\u5927\u9ec4\u7c89\u51b2\u670d\u62166\uff5e12g\u714e\u670d\uff09\u6709\u7f13\u6cfb\u3001\u9010\u7600\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5927\u5242\u91cf\uff0815\uff5e30g\uff09\u5176\u901a\u6cfb\u653b\u9010\u4e4b\u529b\u9887\u5f3a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u542b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6210\u5206\u2014\u2014\u84bd\u918c\u884d\u751f\u7269\u7684\u82f7\u7c7b\u548c\u97a3\u9178\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u524d\u8005\u80fd\u523a\u6fc0\u80a0\u8815\u52a8\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u6536\u655b\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u80fd\u6b62\u6cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u751f\u7528\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u3001\u77ed\u714e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u6cfb\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5236\u7528\u3001\u5c0f\u91cf\u3001\u4e45\u714e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u6027\u80fd\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u6b62\u6cfb\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u62a5\u9053\u7528\u5927\u5242\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u752830g\uff0c\u591a\u8fbe100\uff5e200g\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u91cd\u7528500g\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u5747\u4e3a\u6c64\u5242\uff09\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\u3001\u51fa\u8840\u6027\u574f\u6b7b\u6027\u80a0\u708e\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6027\u51fa\u8840\u70ed\u3001\u6025\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\u53ca\u6025\u6027\u9ec4\u75b8\u578b\u809d\u708e\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7597\u6548\u3001\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5f20\u9521\u7eaf\u5728\u300a\u533b\u5b66\u8877\u4e2d\u53c2\u897f\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u529b\u867d\u731b\uff0c\u7136\u6709\u75c5\u5219\u75c5\u5f53\u4e4b\uff0c\u6052\u6709\u591a\u7528\u4e0d\u59a8\u8005\u2026\u2026\u76d6\u7528\u836f\u4ee5\u80dc\u75c5\u4e3a\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u80dc\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u80c6\u591a\u7528\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6625\u548c\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u6839\u636e\u7956\u4f20\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6cbb\u7597\u5e74\u8f7b\u529b\u58ee\u7684\u72c2\u8bc1\uff0c\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf150g\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u591a\u8005\u8fbe240g\uff1b\u5bf9\u9752\u58ee\u5e74\u5987\u5973\u4e0d\u5b55\u3001\u75db\u7ecf\u3001\u6708\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8c03\u548c\u8dcc\u4ec6\u635f\u4f24\u75c7\uff0c\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf90\uff5e150g\uff1b\u75c8\u75ae\u3001\u75a5\u80bf\u761f\u6bd2\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf50\uff5e100g\uff1b\u5c0f\u513f\u60ca\u98ce\u3001\u80ce\u6bd2\u3001\u8844\u8840\u7b49\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf5\uff5e15g\u3002\u4e34\u8bc1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c1a\u672a\u89c1\u4e00\u4f8b\u56e0\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u800c\u81f4\u75c5\u60c5\u52a0\u91cd\u6216\u81f4\u4f24\u6b8b\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5c61\u6536\u826f\u6548\u3002\u51e1\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c5e\u5b9e\u3001\u70ed\u8bc1\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u9ec4\u9002\u5e94\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u653e\u80c6\u7528\u4e4b\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u800c\u4f53\u5f31\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u5fc3\u809d\u80be\u7b49\u6162\u6027\u75c5\uff0c\u53ef\u914c\u60c5\u51cf\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u70b3\u5357\u6cbb\u7597\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5e26\u72b6\u75b1\u75b9\u540e\u9057\u795e\u7ecf\u75db\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7834\u7600\u795b\u75c5\u4e4b\u6548\uff0c\u6545\u5e38\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a15g\uff0c\u56e0\u5927\u9ec4\u6027\u8fc5\u901f\u5584\u8d70\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u7834\u8840\u4e2d\u7600\u8840\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdc\u975e\u4e09\u68f1\u3001\u83aa\u672f\u8f88\u6240\u80fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6c14\u6ede\u8840\u7600\u6240\u81f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u6c14\u8840\u76f8\u901a\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u7ef4\u4e49.\u8d75\u70b3\u5357\u5148\u751f\u6cbb\u7597\u5e26\u72b6\u75b1\u75b9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5e7f\u897f\u4e2d\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2007\uff084\uff09\uff1a35-36.<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5fd7\u79cb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516d\u8151\u4ee5\u901a\u4e3a\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4e00\u901a\u4f53\u5185\u70ed\u6bd2\u5c31\u80fd\u5916\u6cc4\uff0c\u9000\u70ed\u8d35\u5728\u90aa\u6709\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u5f00\u95e8\u653e\u8d3c\uff0c\u8bda\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e58\u4e4b\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u6cc4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u6e05\u70ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u89e3\u6bd2\u3001\u795b\u7600\u3001\u5229\u5c3f\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u8865\u865a\u3002\u5f20\u8001\u65e2\u6839\u636e\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u9002\u65f6\u7528\u836f\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0\u4eba\u56e0\u75c5\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u5242\u91cf\uff0c\u8bb2\u7a76\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u5065\u80c3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5242\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u662f0.3\uff5e6g\uff1b\u901a\u4fbf\u4e3a\u4e3b\u75286\uff5e12g\uff1b\u6392\u9664\u79ef\u6ede\uff08\u7ed3\u77f3\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u752815\uff5e30g\uff1b\u865a\u5f31\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u75281.8\uff5e2.4g\uff1b\u4f53\u8d28\u4e2d\u7b49\u8005\u75283g\uff1b\u4f53\u8d28\u5f3a\u8005\u53ef6g\u8d77\u7528\u3002\u7528\u6cd5\u5b9c\u751f\u7528\u540e\u4e0b\u6216\u6ce1\u996e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u836f\u6548\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u9648\u6e58\u541b\uff0c\u4f55\u7ea2.\u8457\u540d\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u5f20\u5fd7\u79cb\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u9a8c\u6848\u56db\u5219\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u8fbd\u5b81\u4e2d\u533b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1985\uff084\uff09\uff1a12-14.<\/p>\n

\u77f3\u666f\u4eae\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4e4b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e94\u56e0\u4eba\u56e0\u75c5\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u75de\u3001\u6ee1\u3001\u71e5\u3001\u5b9e\u201d\u56db\u8bc1\u4ff1\u5907\u7684\u9633\u660e\u8151\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff0c\u957f\u6c5f\u4ee5\u5357\u60a3\u8005\u5176\u91cf\u4e3a10\uff5e15g\uff1b\u957f\u6c5f\u4ee5\u5317\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u91cf\u4e3a15\uff5e30g\u3002\u5bf9\u201c\u56db\u8bc1\u201d\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5907\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u76f8\u673a\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u7528\u91cf\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u77f3\u663e\u65b9\uff0c\u5085\u6587\u5f55.\u77f3\u666f\u4eae\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u9063\u65b9\u7528\u836f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u65f6\u73cd\u56fd\u533b\u56fd\u836f\uff0c2005\uff0812\uff09\uff1a146-147.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u5bcc\u7389\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6162\u6027\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\u53ca\u80c6\u7ed3\u77f3\u75c7\u5728\u8fa8\u8bc1\u65bd\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u575a\u6301\u52a0\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5242\u91cf\u89c6\u75c7\u60c5\u7f13\u6025\u800c\u914c\u5b9a\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u6025\u3001\u5b9e\u8005\u91cd\u752820\uff5e40g\uff0c\u7f13\u3001\u865a\u8005\u5219\u75285\uff5e10g\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5927\u4fbf\u901a\u7545\u4e3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u6cfb\u5316\u6e7f\u70ed\u3001\u5229\u80c6\u6d88\u77f3\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u5e38\u4e0e\u67f4\u80e1\u3001\u8335\u9648\u3001\u539a\u6734\u3001\u67b3\u5b9e\u7b49\u914d\u4f0d\u5e94\u7528\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u97e9\u57f9\u6d77\uff0c\u5f90\u6d77\u96c1\uff0c\u5510\u957f\u534e.\u674e\u5bcc\u7389\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u65b0\u6cd5\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5409\u6797\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\uff0c2007\uff084\uff09\uff1a10.<\/p>\n

\u5d14\u91d1\u6d77\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u98ce\u6025\u6027\u671f\uff0c\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u8151\u6c14\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u70ed\u6bd2\u8f83\u91cd\u8005\uff0c\u5e94\u91cd\u7528\u81f315\uff5e30g\uff0c\u4e14\u751f\u7528\u3001\u540e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u653b\u4e0b\u70ed\u6bd2\u3001\u6cfb\u4e0b\u79ef\u6ede\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u53ef\u914d\u4f0d\u67b3\u5b9e\u3001\u8292\u785d\u3001\u74dc\u848c\u7b49\u589e\u5f3a\u901a\u8151\u5bfc\u6ede\u4e4b\u529b\uff1b\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u70ed\u6bd2\u75c7\u72b6\u8f83\u8f7b\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u7600\u8840\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8005\u7528\u9152\u5236\u5927\u9ec49g\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u7269\u540c\u714e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u6325\u6d3b\u8840\u4e4b\u529f\uff1b\u82e5\u4e3a\u51fa\u8840\u6027\u4e2d\u98ce\u6025\u6027\u671f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u70ad12g\uff0c\u914d\u4f0d\u4e09\u4e03\uff08\u7814\u672b\u51b2\u670d\uff093g\u6b62\u8840\u5316\u7600\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4f9d\u5927\u4fbf\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u63a7\u5236\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e5\u884c1\uff5e3\u6b21\uff0c\u7a00\u8f6f\u4fbf\u4e3a\u4f73\u3002\u82e5\u5448\u7a00\u6c34\u4fbf\u4e14\u6b21\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f34\u6709\u8179\u75db\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u5e94\u914c\u51cf\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u75285g\u5373\u51fa\u73b0\u8179\u6cfb\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u7528\u523030g\u65f6\u5927\u4fbf\u624d\u901a\u7545\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u5e94\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u638c\u63e1\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u4e8e\u6653\u4e1c.\u5d14\u91d1\u6d77\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u4e2d\u98ce\u75c5\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6cb3\u5317\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c2006\uff081\uff09\uff1a5-6.<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u6653\u8f89\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u80c3\u708e\uff0c\u5242\u91cf\u5b9c\u8f7b\uff0c\u4ee52\uff5e5g\u4e3a\u5b9c\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u91cf\u5e94\u89c6\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u53ca\u5f62\u72b6\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u4fbf\u5e72\u7ed3\u5982\u6817\uff0c\u6570\u65e51\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u75285g\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u540e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f85\u5927\u4fbf\u901a\u7545\u540e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5242\u91cf\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u540e\u4e0b\u3002\u82e5\u5927\u4fbf\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u7528\u91cf2\uff5e3g\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u540c\u714e\u3002\u4e2a\u522b\u60a3\u8005\u8118\u8179\u80c0\u6ee1\u660e\u663e\u53c8\u4f34\u6709\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u8584\uff0c\u8bf8\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0d\u6548\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8bd5\u75282\uff5e3g\u5236\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u80c3\u708e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u60a3\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u80a0\u9e23\u3001\u8179\u75db\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u505c\u836f\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u6d88\u5931\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u5218\u826f\u798f\uff0c\u4f55\u6653\u6656.\u4f55\u6653\u6656\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u840e\u7f29\u6027\u80c3\u708e\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2006\uff083\uff09\uff1a22-23.<\/p>\n

\u9648\u536b\u5e73\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u6c14\u5473\u82e6\u5bd2\uff0c\u957f\u4e8e\u901a\u4e0b\uff0c\u53bb\u9648\u57a2\u800c\u5b89\u4e94\u810f\uff0c\u80fd\u5165\u8840\u5206\uff0c\u7834\u4e00\u5207\u7600\u8840\u3002\u6545\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u54ee\u5598\u53d1\u4f5c\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u5236\u7528\u901a\u8151\u964d\u6c14\uff0c\u884c\u7cdf\u7c95\uff0c\u5e73\u54ee\u5598\u3002\u751f\u7528\u6cfb\u4e0b\u70ed\u7ed3\uff0c\u62bd\u91dc\u85aa\uff0c\u6d88\u708e\u75c7\uff0c\u9152\u7092\u6d3b\u8840\u5316\u7600\uff0c\u6563\u90c1\u8840\uff0c\u4fc3\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u542b\u84bd\u918c\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6297\u83cc\u3001\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u89e3\u75c9\u3001\u5229\u5c3f\u3001\u964d\u538b\u7b49\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6545\u5728\u54ee\u5598\u53d1\u4f5c\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u65e0\u4fbf\u79d8\u4e4b\u75c7\u5747\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u548c\u5e74\u8f7b\u60a3\u8005\u7528\u91cf\u5b9c\u5927\uff0c\u5e38\u8fbe10\uff5e15g\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u54ee\u5598\u5feb\u901f\u5e73\u606f\uff1b\u865a\u8bc1\u548c\u5e74\u8001\u60a3\u8005\u7528\u91cf\u5b9c\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e38\u75282\uff5e5g\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f13\u7f13\u56fe\u4e4b\u30024<\/p>\n

4 \u9648\u536b\u5e73.\u5927\u9ec4\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u54ee\u5598\u53d1\u4f5c\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u56db\u5ddd\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c1988\uff086\uff09\uff1a12-13.<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u707f\u946b\u7528\u52a0\u5473\u8335\u9648\u84bf\u6c64\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u9ec4\u75b8\u578b\u809d\u708e\uff0c\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u9ec430\uff5e60g\u8f83\u4e2d\u3001\u5c0f\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u66f4\u80fd\u7f29\u77ed\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6539\u5584\u60a3\u8005\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c60g\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u7597\u6548\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u4e2a\u522b\u60a3\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u8110\u5468\u8f7b\u5fae\u75bc\u75db\u3001\u4fbf\u540e\u7f13\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u65e0\u5176\u4f59\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u30025<\/p>\n

5 \u8d75\u707f\u946b.\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4e0e\u6025\u6027\u9ec4\u75b8\u578b\u809d\u708e\u7684\u7597\u6548\u5173\u7cfb\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e2d\u533b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c1991\uff084\uff09\uff1a32-33.<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7d20\u52e4\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u6c34\u80bf\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\uff0c\u5e38\u91c7\u7528100\uff5e200g\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u91cf\u8f7b\u5219\u8d77\u6548\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u5219\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u901a\u4fbf\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u80a0\u9053\u5185\u538b\u529b\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u80a0\u9053\u5185\u7ec6\u83cc\u6570\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u80c3\u80a0\u9ecf\u819c\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ec6\u83cc\u79fb\u4f4d\uff1b\u4e8c\u5219\u80fd\u6269\u5f20\u8840\u7ba1\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u80f0\u817a\u8840\u5faa\u73af\uff1b\u4e09\u5219\u80fd\u5bf9\u5341\u4e8c\u6307\u80a0\u6709\u8212\u5f20\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u80c6\u6c41\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u89e3\u9664\u62ec\u7ea6\u808c\u75c9\u631b\uff1b\u56db\u5219\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u80f0\u9176\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u80f0\u817a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6d88\u5316\u30026<\/p>\n

6 \u738b\u7d20\u52e4.\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u5728\u6025\u6027\u6c34\u80bf\u578b\u80f0\u817a\u708e\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u533a\u533b\u5e08\uff08\u533b\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\uff09\uff0c2013\uff086\uff09\uff1a244.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u8679\u7b49\u6cbb\u7597\u8001\u5e74\u4fbf\u79d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u572810g\uff0c\u5e38\u914d\u4f0d\u7b49\u91cf\u9644\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8001\u4eba\u5207\u5fcc\u5927\u91cf\u82e6\u5bd2\u6cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4f24\u6b63\u53cd\u52a0\u91cd\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u52a9\u5176\u9633\u6c14\u3001\u8865\u5176\u9634\u6d25\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u9644\u5b50\u5e76\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u8865\u6d88\u517c\u65bd\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u4f24\u6b63\u4e4b\u865e\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u8679\uff0c\u674e\u6cc9\u9999.\u5927\u9ec4\u9644\u5b50\u6c64\u6cbb\u7597\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4fbf\u79d8\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2001\uff086\uff09\uff1a30.<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u5e7f\u971e\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7518\u8349\u6c64\u6cbb\u7597\u987d\u56fa\u6027\u5455\u5410\uff0c\u65b9\u7528\u5927\u9ec415g\uff0c\u7099\u7518\u83493g\uff0c\u6548\u5982\u6874\u9f13\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u53ef\u901f\u8361\u80c3\u4e2d\u79ef\u70ed\uff0c\u4ee5\u7518\u8349\u7f13\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u4e4b\u653b\u4e0b\u964d\u706b\u800c\u4e0d\u4f24\u80c3\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u5f20\u5e7f\u971e.\u5927\u9ec4\u7518\u8349\u6c64\u6cbb\u7597\u987d\u56fa\u6027\u5455\u5410\u4e00\u4f8b\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5c71\u897f\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c1986\uff084\uff09\uff1a32.<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u6d69\u7136\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u914d\u4f0d\u8292\u785d\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u9ec4\u75b8\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u809d\u708e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec49\uff5e15g\uff0c\u8292\u785d9\uff5e15g\uff0c\u5f00\u6c34\u51b2\u6ce110\u5206\u949f\u540e\u53e3\u670d\uff0c1\u59291\u5242\uff0c\u52061\uff5e2\u6b21\u670d\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u914d\u4f0d\uff0c\u53ef\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u9ec4\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u9ec4\u75b8\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u809d\u529f\u80fd\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u914d\u4f0d\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u914c\u60c5\u51cf\u5c11\u5927\u9ec4\u5242\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5cfb\u4e0b\u4f24\u6b63\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u66fe\u6d69\u7136.\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8292\u785d\u6cbb\u759720\u4f8b\u6025\u6027\u9ec4\u75b8\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u809d\u708e\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5b9e\u7528\u809d\u810f\u75c5\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2003\uff084\uff09\uff1a22.<\/p>\n

\u9648\u5929\u8d44\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e2d\u836f\u6559\u6750\u89c4\u5b9a\u5242\u91cf\u3002\u2460\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u9611\u5c3e\u708e\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u5e38\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7261\u4e39\u6c64\u52a0\u51cf\u3002\u914c\u52a0\u767d\u82b1\u86c7\u820c\u8349\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\u3001\u8d64\u828d\u3001\u845b\u6839\u7b49\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a30\uff5e50g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u5242\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5982\u80fd\u6392\u4fbf\u6570\u6b21\uff0c\u75c7\u72b6\u9010\u6e10\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u6bcf\u6b21\u6539\u4e3a15\uff5e20g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\u5242\uff0c\u6216\u4e2d\u836f\u6539\u4e3a\u589e\u6db2\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u52a0\u51cf\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u914c\u51cf\u3002\u2461\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\uff0c\u9648\u6c0f\u6240\u7ecf\u6cbb\u7684\u6025\u6027\u80f0\u817a\u708e\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6c34\u80bf\u578b\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u67f4\u80e1\u6c64\u52a0\u51cf\uff0c\u914c\u52a0\u5ef6\u80e1\u7d22\u3001\u5ddd\u695d\u5b50\u3001\u864e\u6756\u7b49\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5242\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a40\uff5e50g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u5242\uff0c\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u53d1\u70ed\u3001\u8179\u75db\u7b49\u75c7\u72b6\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5929\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u53ef\u51cf\u81f315\uff5e30g\u3002\u2462\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u80a0\u6897\u963b\uff0c\u5747\u7528\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u52a0\u5473\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u80a0\u6897\u963b\u5176\u70ed\u7ed3\u80c3\u80a0\u3001\u8151\u6c14\u4e0d\u901a\u5c24\u751a\uff0c\u6545\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u91cf\u5c24\u91cd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a50\uff5e60g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e52\uff5e3\u5242\uff0c\u534a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0a\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6bcf\u65e5\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a100\uff5e180g\u3002\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u4fbf\u5df2\u901a\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u3001\u8179\u80c0\u3001\u53d1\u70ed\u7b49\u75c7\u5df2\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e4b\u7528\u91cf\u53ef\u51cf\u81f310\uff5e30g\u3002\u82e5\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e510\u4f59\u6b21\uff0c\u53ef\u52a0\u5927\u8865\u6db2\u91cf\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u53ef\u6682\u505c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u2463\u6cbb\u7597\u6025\u6027\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\u3001\u80c6\u77f3\u75c7\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u5927\u67f4\u80e1\u6c64\u5408\u56db\u91d1\u6c64\u52a0\u51cf\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a50\uff5e60g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u5242\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u75c5\u4eba\u6bcf\u65e5\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a2\u5242\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u60a3\u8005\u6bcf\u65e5\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a100\uff5e120g\uff0c\u4e2a\u522b\u60a3\u8005\u6bcf\u65e5\u75283\u5242\uff0c\u6216\u52a0\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec450g\u6363\u788e\u5f00\u6c34\u7814\u670d\u3002\u82e5\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u53d1\u70ed\u3001\u9ec4\u75b8\u7b49\u75c7\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e4b\u91cf\u53ef\u51cf\u81f320\uff5e30g\u3002\u2464\u6cbb\u7597\u8001\u5e74\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u4fbf\u79d8\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u517b\u9634\u6da6\u4e0b\u4e4b\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u82e5\u6b64\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u8179\u80c0\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u8f7d\u6c34\u884c\u821f\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5927\u4fbf\u8fc5\u901f\u6392\u51fa\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u589e\u6db2\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u52a0\u5473\uff0c\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5242\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a20\uff5e30g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\u5242\u3002\u6b64\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u80fd\u653b\u4e0b\u5927\u4fbf\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u901a\u7545\u540e\uff0c\u5219\u505c\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2465\u5916\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u704c\u80a0\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u80a0\u6897\u963b\u6216\u5c3f\u6bd2\u75c7\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5242\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u91cf\u4e3a50\uff5e80g\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\uff5e2\u5242\u3002\u6b64\u6cd5\u6709\u65f6\u4ea6\u7528\u4e8e\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u4fbf\u79d8\u30024<\/p>\n

4 \u9648\u4e91\u5fd7\uff0c\u5218\u4fca.\u4e2d\u533b\u4e0d\u4f20\u4e4b\u79d8\u5728\u4e8e\u91cf \u5bfb\u627e\u4e2d\u836f\u91cd\u5242\u53d6\u6548\u7684\u79d8\u8bc0\uff3bM\uff3d.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u533b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014.<\/p>\n

\u674e\u7389\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u80c6\u56ca\u708e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u6b2130\uff5e60g\uff0c\u6bcf1\uff5e2\u5c0f\u65f6\u670d\u836f1\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u670d5\uff5e8\u6b21\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4fdd\u6301\u6bcf\u59292\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8179\u75db\u51cf\u8f7b\u540e\u51cf\u91cf\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u766b\u72c2\u75c7\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u5242\u91cf\u4e3a30g\uff0c\u7528\u791e\u77f3\u6eda\u75f0\u4e38\u6cbb\u7597\u766b\u72c2\u75c5\uff0c\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u524215\uff5e30g\uff0c\u5176\u6548\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u53d6\u5927\u9ec4\u9010\u75f0\u70ed\uff0c\u795b\u7600\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e14\u501f\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5f84\u4e4b\u7406\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u674e\u7389\u548c\uff0c\u8d75\u5bb6\u658c.\u8c08\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u52bf\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5b9e\u7528\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c2000\uff086\uff09\uff1a46.<\/p>\n

\u675c\u96e8\u8302\u6cbb\u7597\u6162\u6027\u80be\u8870\u7aed\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8179\u90e8\u80c0\u6ee1\u3001\u5927\u4fbf\u79d8\u7ed3\u3001\u5e72\u6da9\u96be\u4e0b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6570\u65e5\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u57a2\u81ed\u79fd\u3001\u5229\u800c\u4e0d\u7545\uff0c\u820c\u82d4\u9ec4\u539a\u6216\u7c97\u767d\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\uff08\u6b63\u865a\u8f83\u8457\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u9152\u5927\u9ec4\uff09\u4e3a\u964d\u6d4a\u901a\u8151\u4e4b\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u82e6\u5bd2\u5473\u539a\uff0c\u76f4\u5165\u80c3\u80a0\uff0c\u6cfb\u70ed\u964d\u6d4a\uff0c\u901a\u8151\u6cfb\u4e0b\uff0c\u529b\u5b8f\u6548\u786e\uff0c\u582a\u5f53\u6b64\u4efb\u3002\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6bcf\u5242\u836f8\uff5e15g\uff0c\u89c6\u60a3\u8005\u75c5\u60c5\u8f7b\u91cd\u53ca\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u5c0f\u5242\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6e10\u89c2\u5bdf\u52a0\u81f3\u9002\u5f53\u5242\u91cf\u4e3a\u5b9c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u670d\u7528\u542b\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u836f\u5242\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5929\u5927\u4fbf\u7545\u5229\uff0c\u6392\u4fbf\u57283\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4f73\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5242\u91cf\u8fbe\u523015g\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5927\u4fbf\u4ecd\u7136\u79d8\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u9700\u52a0\u7528\u7092\u67b3\u5b9e10\uff5e12g\u4ee5\u884c\u6c14\u5bfc\u6ede\uff0c\u7092\u83b1\u83d4\u5b50\u6216\u706b\u9ebb\u4ec130g\u4ee5\u6ecb\u71e5\u6da6\u80a0\uff0c\u6216\u756a\u6cfb\u53f63\uff5e5g\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a9\u5927\u9ec4\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u4fbf\u81ea\u901a\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u675c\u96e8\u8302\uff0c\u675c\u6cbb\u5b8f.\u6162\u6027\u80be\u529f\u80fd\u8870\u7aed\u7684\u8fa8\u8bc1\u7528\u836f\u601d\u8def\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u65b0\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c2001\uff085\uff09\uff1a3-5.<\/p>\n

\u90d1\u5bb6\u672c\u6cbb\u7597\u766b\u72c2\u5c5e\u5b9e\u706b\uff0c\u5e38\u9996\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec430\uff5e60g\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u75f0\u70ed\uff0c\u5f53\u5927\u4fbf\u65e5\u884c5\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u72c2\u4e71\u53ef\u6b62\uff0c\u518d\u968f\u8bc1\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u6bcf\u53d6\u826f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9773\u745e\u82f1\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e38\u7528\u9999\u7802\u516d\u541b\u5b50\u6c64\u5065\u80c3\u6d88\u79ef\uff0c\u59cb\u52a0\u5927\u9ec43\uff5e6g\u4ee5\u5065\u80c3\uff0c\u5f85\u6b63\u6c14\u590d\u540e\u589e\u81f310\uff5e15g\u4ee5\u5bfc\u6ede\uff1b\u5e38\u7528\u300a\u82cf\u6c88\u826f\u65b9\u300b\u4e4b\u9047\u4ed9\u4e39\u52a0\u5473\uff0c\u5316\u6e7f\u548c\u80c3\u795b\u6d4a\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u6cfb\u6d4a\u964d\u9006\uff0c\u7528\u91cf3\uff5e9g\uff0c\u968f\u75c7\u52a0\u51cf\u6548\u679c\u660e\u663e\u30023<\/p>\n

3 \u9773\u745e\u82f1.\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u533b\u836f\uff0c2007\uff0810\uff09\uff1a48.<\/p>\n

5.4.4\u3000\u70ae\u5236\u548c\u714e\u670d\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u4ef2\u666f\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff1a\u2460\u6ce8\u91cd\u714e\u670d\u3002\u714e\u716e\u6709\u5148\u714e\u3001\u540e\u4e0b\u3001\u540c\u714e\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u9677\u80f8\u6c64\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u5148\u714e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u8840\u70ed\u4e92\u7ed3\u7684\u5927\u7ed3\u80f8\u8bc1\uff1b\u5927\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u540e\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u653b\u4e0b\u5b9e\u70ed\u3001\u8361\u80c3\u80a0\u71e5\u7ed3\uff1b\u5927\u9ec4\u9644\u5b50\u6c64\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u4ed6\u836f\u540c\u714e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u5bd2\u5b9e\u5185\u7ed3\u3001\u9633\u6c14\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u90aa\u5b9e\u6b63\u865a\u8bc1\u3002\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7cfb\u53d6\u5927\u9ec4\u5148\u714e\u6e05\u6e7f\u70ed\u6548\u597d\uff0c\u540e\u4e0b\u82e6\u5bd2\u8fc5\u964d\u5cfb\u653b\uff0c\u540c\u714e\u7f13\u548c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u9cd6\u7532\u714e\u4e38\u9700\u7a7a\u5fc3\u670d\uff0c\u6843\u6838\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u996d\u524d\u670d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u9ec4\u590d\u65b9\u5747\u5728\u65e9\u3001\u665a\u996d\u540e\u5206\u670d\u3002\u2461\u8bb2\u7a76\u70ae\u5236\u3002\u5982\u9152\u6d17\u3001\u9152\u6d78\u53ca\u84b8\u6ce1\u5927\u9ec4\u7b49\u5747\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002\u5f90\u7075\u80ce\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u714e\u836f\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u5b9c\u6df1\u8bb2\uff0c\u836f\u4e4b\u6548\u4e0d\u6548\uff0c\u5168\u5728\u4e4e\u6b64\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u533b\u5b66\u6e90\u6d41\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u5f90\u6c0f\u5982\u6b64\u5f3a\u8c03\u714e\u836f\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u714e\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u836f\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u714e\u716e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u836f\u6548\u4f5c\u7528\u6210\u5206\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u836f\u6548\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u6210\u5206\u84bd\u918c\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u8010\u70ed\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u714e\u716e\u53ef\u53d7\u5230\u7834\u574f\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u714e\u716e\u65f6\u95f4\u9002\u5f53\uff0810\uff5e15min\uff09\uff0c\u6eb6\u51fa\u7684\u603b\u84bd\u918c\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u714e\u716e\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u77ed\u6eb6\u51fa\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u714e\u716e\u65f6\u95f4\u8fc7\u957f\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u6c34\u89e3\u3001\u7834\u574f\u8f83\u591a\uff1b\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u7269\u540c\u714e\uff08\u6df7\u714e\uff09\uff0c\u84bd\u918c\u7c7b\u53ef\u56e0\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u6e23\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6eb6\u51fa\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6536\u655b\u6210\u5206\u97a3\u8d28\u5bf9\u70ed\u8f83\u80fd\u8010\u53d7\uff0c\u4e14\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u714e\u65f6\u6db2\u4f53\u8d8a\u591a\u8d8a\u6613\u6e38\u79bb\uff0c\u714e\u716e\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u7528\u9152\u6d78\uff0c\u97a3\u8d28\u6eb6\u51fa\u91cf\u591a\uff0c\u6536\u655b\u4f5c\u7528\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u6545\u8981\u53d6\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9664\u714e\u6cb8\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc710min\u5916\uff0c\u6c34\u91cf\u4e5f\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5c11\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d75\u7ecd\u7434\u5148\u751f\u5728\u300a\u6f2b\u8c08\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u914d\u4f0d\u53ca\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u70ae\u5236\u65b9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u2460\u9152\u5236\u3002\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u201c\u9152\u5ddd\u5927\u9ec4\u201d\uff0c\u80fd\u589e\u5176\u6d3b\u8840\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u5f15\u5176\u836f\u6027\u4e0a\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cc4\u4e0a\u7126\u4e4b\u70ed\u3002\u2461\u918b\u5236\u3002\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u201c\u918b\u5927\u9ec4\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u9178\u80fd\u5165\u809d\uff0c\u5bf9\u809d\u7ecf\u90c1\u70ed\uff0c\u809d\u706b\u4e0a\u6270\u81f4\u75c5\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u6700\u5b9c\u3002\u2462\u706b\u70ae\u3002\u5373\u7528\u706b\u70ae\u9ed1\u6210\u70ad\uff0c\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5ddd\u5927\u9ec4\u70ad\u201d\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u7f13\u548c\u5176\u731b\u5cfb\u4e4b\u52bf\u3002\u2463\u84b8\u5236\u3002\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u719f\u5927\u9ec4\u201d\uff0c\u51e1\u5904\u65b9\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6ce8\u660e\u751f\u719f\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u6307\u719f\u5927\u9ec4\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u5176\u6027\u51f6\u731b\uff0c\u975e\u4f53\u58ee\u75c5\u5b9e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8f7b\u6295\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7528\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u672b\u4e00\u5206\uff08\u541e\u670d\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u719f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u94b1\uff08\u5165\u714e\uff09\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u2464\u9165\u5236\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u9165\u6cb9\u6d82\u5236\u8005\uff0c\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u9165\u5927\u9ec4\u201d\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u52b3\u635f\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6539\u5176\u731b\u5cfb\u653b\u6cc4\u4e4b\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u5176\u6d3b\u8840\u7834\u7ed3\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u63a8\u9648\u81f4\u65b0\uff0c\u6b63\u6c14\u4e0d\u4f24\u3002\u2465\u7c89\u5242\u3002\u7814\u7ec6\u6210\u7c89\uff0c\u5904\u65b9\u7528\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u672b\u201d\uff0c\u53d6\u5176\u6563\u8005\u6563\u4e5f\uff0c\u6709\u7f13\u6563\u4e4b\u6027\u3002\u4e45\u75c5\u4f53\u5f31\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u82e5\u7528\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d85\u8fc7\u6570\u5206\uff0c\u6545\u7528\u7c89\u672b\u88c5\u80f6\u56ca\u541e\u670d\u3002\u2466\u4e38\u5242\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u84b8\u6652\u7814\u672b\uff0c\u70bc\u871c\u6210\u4e38\uff0c\u5982\u6e05\u5b81\u4e38\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7f13\u6cc4\u901a\u4fbf\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u2467\u78e8\u6c41\u3002\u4ee5\u751f\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u52a0\u6c34\u6216\u918b\uff0c\u78e8\u6c41\u5916\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u6cbb\u76ae\u80a4\u75ae\u75a1\uff0c\u8574\u70ed\u6bd2\u80bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5218\u9676\u521a\u5148\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u751f\u7528\uff0c\u653b\u79ef\u5bfc\u6ede\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u6cfb\u70ed\u89e3\u6bd2\uff1b\u59dc\u6c41\u7092\u7528\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u82e6\u5bd2\u4e4b\u6027\uff1b\u9152\u5236\u5927\u9ec4\u6709\u6d3b\u8840\u5316\u7600\u4e4b\u529f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7ea2\u7cd6\u6c34\u7092\u7528\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5065\u80c3\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b62\u8840\uff1b\u76d0\u6c34\u7092\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u6dcb\u8bc11\u3002<\/p>\n

1 \u5218\u9676\u521a.\u91cd\u7528\u201c\u5927\u9ec4\u201d\u6cbb\u7597\u6848\u4f8b\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e91\u5357\u4e2d\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c1987\uff083\uff09\uff1a23-25.<\/p>\n

5.4.5\u3000\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u610f<\/p>\n

\u5927\u9ec4\u529f\u6548\u5353\u8457\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u83b7\u6377\u6548\uff0c\u7136\u6027\u5473\u82e6\u5bd2\uff0c\u6c89\u964d\u800c\u53c8\u5cfb\u731b\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u614e\u53c8\u6bcf\u6613\u4f24\u6b63\uff0c\u5f52\u7eb3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u9ec4\u7981\u7528\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e94\u70b9\uff1a\u2460\u592a\u9633\u75c5\u7981\u7528\u3002\u75c5\u5728\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u52bf\u5229\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u6c57\u795b\u90aa\uff0c\u8bef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u5f15\u90aa\u5185\u9677\uff0c\u5fc5\u751f\u53d8\u75c7\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u75c7\u517c\u91cc\u5b9e\u8005\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u2461\u5c11\u9633\u75c5\u7981\u7528\u3002\u90aa\u5728\u5c11\u9633\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f53\u548c\u89e3\uff1b\u4f46\u5c11\u9633\u75c5\u517c\u91cc\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2462\u5455\u5410\u7981\u7528\u3002\u5410\u867d\u4e3a\u75c5\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u6b63\u6c14\u795b\u90aa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea6\u5f53\u56e0\u52bf\u5229\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u50ac\u5410\u5242\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u75c5\u5728\u4e0a\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8d8a\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff1b\u4f46\u5455\u5410\u56e0\u80c3\u706b\u80a0\u5b9e\u8005\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2463\u865a\u5bd2\u8bc1\u7981\u7528\u3002\u865a\u5bd2\u8bc1\u5019\uff0c\u810f\u6c14\u865a\u8870\uff0c\u9634\u5bd2\u5185\u76db\uff0c\u4e0d\u8010\u653b\u4f10\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff1b\u4f46\u865a\u4e2d\u5939\u5b9e\uff0c\u5bd2\u5b9e\u5185\u7ed3\u8005\uff0c\u865a\u5219\u5f53\u8865\uff0c\u5bd2\u5219\u5f53\u6e29\uff0c\u7ed3\u5b9e\u8005\u5f53\u653b\uff0c\u6570\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u53d8\u901a\uff0c\u53c8\u5f53\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3002\u2464\u6d25\u4f24\u8840\u865a\u8bc1\u7981\u7528\u3002\u865a\u8005\u8865\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8005\u6cfb\u4e4b\uff0c\u767e\u75c5\u7686\u7136\uff0c\u6545\u6d25\u8840\u865a\u635f\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5f53\u8865\uff0c\u8bef\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u865a\u8005\u66f4\u865a\uff0c\u533b\u4e4b\u8fc7\u4e5f\uff1b\u82e5\u6d25\u4f24\u8840\u67af\u4e0d\u80fd\u6fe1\u6da6\uff0c\u80a0\u8151\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u867d\u5e94\u201c\u589e\u6c34\u884c\u821f\u201d\u4ee5\u6cbb\u672c\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u7a0d\u901a\u8151\u6c14\u4ee5\u6cbb\u6807\uff0c\u6545\u751f\u6d25\u517b\u8840\u65b9\u53ef\u5c11\u4f50\u5927\u9ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u6625\u548c\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u96c6\u51e0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u4f20\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u7d20\u4f53\u9633\u865a\u3001\u4f53\u5f31\u3001\u8001\u4eba\u3001\u5fc3\u809d\u80be\u80ba\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u8005\u5fcc\u7528\uff1b\u9634\u8bc1\u3001\u865a\u5bd2\u8bc1\u7981\u7528\u3002\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u670d\u836f\u540e\u7ea6\u4e24\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u8179\u75db\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u8179\u6cfb\uff0c\u6cfb\u4e0b\u9ecf\u6db2\u53ca\u8910\u9ed1\u8272\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f34\u6709\u6076\u5fc3\u3001\u5455\u5410\u3002\u521d\u670d\u836f\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u8f83\u5267\uff0c\u670d\u4e09\u56db\u5242\u540e\u5219\u53cd\u5e94\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31\u81f3\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5410\u3001\u6cfb\u3001\u8179\u75db\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60a3\u8005\u5448\u865a\u5f31\u8737\u5367\u72b6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u52ff\u9700\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5b9c\u5411\u75c5\u5bb6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u7c73\u7ca5\u6216\u6d41\u8d28\u996e\u98df\u996e\u4e4b\uff0c\u5367\u5e8a\u9759\u517b\u3002\u82e5\u75c5\u4eba\u670d\u540e\u5410\u836f\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u4e0b\u6b21\u836f\u63d0\u524d\u670d\u75282\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u674e\u6625\u548c.\u5927\u5242\u91cf\u8fd0\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u4e34\u75c7\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e2d\u533b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c1988\uff081\uff09\uff1a21-22.<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u91d1\u94ed\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6025\u6027\u809d\u708e\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u62d8\u4e8e\u4fbf\u5e72\u4fbf\u7a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4fbf\u6e8f\u4f46\u6b21\u6570\u5982\u5e38\u8005\u4ea6\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u60df\u6cc4\u6cfb\u8005\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7528\u3002\u809d\u708e\u75c5\u4e4b\u4fbf\u6e8f\u4e0e\u6cc4\u6cfb\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6cc4\u6cfb\u591a\u56e0\u813e\u80c3\u865a\u5bd2\u3001\u6e7f\u80dc\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6025\u6027\u809d\u708e\u5c5e\u4e2d\u533b\u5b66\u6e29\u75c5\uff08\u6e7f\u6e29\uff09\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u56e0\u975e\u53ea\u6e7f\u90aa\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u867d\u4fbf\u6e8f\u800c\u6b21\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6cc4\u6cfb\u81ea\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6545\u5927\u9ec4\u53ef\u653e\u80c6\u7528\u4e4b\u3002\u53f6\u5929\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6e7f\u6e29\u75c5\u5927\u4fbf\u6e8f\u4e3a\u90aa\u672a\u5c3d\uff0c\u5fc5\u5927\u4fbf\u786c\uff0c\u614e\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u653b\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7caa\u71e5\u4e3a\u65e0\u6e7f\u77e3\u3002\u201d\u4e34\u8bc1\u6bcf\u89c1\u4fbf\u6e8f\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u670d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u540e\u5927\u4fbf\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8f6c\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u914d\u6709\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u6c64\u836f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u670d\u7528\u540e\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u62c9\u7a00\u4fbf\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u60a3\u8005\u6cfb\u524d\u5fae\u6709\u8179\u75db\u611f\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u7a0d\u5fae\u6709\u589e\u591a\u3002\u82e5\u5927\u4fbf\u6b21\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u4f53\u529b\u4e0d\u652f\u8005\uff0c\u670d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6bcf\u65e5\u6216\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u670d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u914c\u60c5\u9009\u52a0\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6276\u6b63\u836f\u5982\u5927\u67a3\u3001\u6761\u53c2\u7b49\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u540c\u714e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u714e\u597d\u540e\u4ee5\u836f\u6c41\u51b2\u6ce1\u5927\u9ec4\u7ea65\u5206\u949f\u8bb8\u518d\u5012\u51fa\u670d\u4e4b\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u66fe\u91d1\u94ed.\u6cbb\u809d\u62fe\u96f6\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u4e91\u5357\u4e2d\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c1987\uff083\uff09\uff1a22-23.<\/p>\n

\u9a86\u5b89\u90a6\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u540e\u5982\u51fa\u73b0\u8179\u75db\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u6cfb\u4e0b\u4f5c\u7528\u9020\u6210\u80a0\u8815\u52a8\u52a0\u5feb\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u828d\u836f\u7518\u8349\u6c64\u4ee5\u7f13\u6025\u6b62\u75db\uff0c\u914d\u4f0d\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u8179\u75db\u5373\u9664\u3002\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u8001\u4eba\u6216\u5c0f\u513f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5236\u5927\u9ec4\u4ee5\u907f\u82e6\u5bd2\u4f24\u6b63\u4e4b\u5f0a\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u809d\u80c6\u75c5\u53ca\u5c3f\u6bd2\u75c7\u5242\u91cf\u5e94\u7531\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u75c7\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5e38\u63a7\u5236\u5230\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e5\u884c1\uff5e3\u6b21\u4e3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6cfb\u70ed\u5316\u6e7f\u3001\u964d\u6d4a\u6392\u6bd2\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u9ec4\u7528\u81f335g\u65f6\u5927\u4fbf\u624d\u901a\u7545\u3002\u82e5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b9e\u8005\u7528\u91cf\u53ef\u504f\u5927\uff0c\u752810\uff5e30g\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u5c3d\u5176\u65a9\u5173\u593a\u9698\u4e4b\u80fd\uff1b\u82e5\u8bc1\u867d\u5b9e\u800c\u4f53\u865a\u8005\u5219\u7528\u91cf\u5b9c\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee53\uff5e10g\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u52ff\u64cd\u4e4b\u8fc7\u6025\uff0c\u5f53\u7f13\u56fe\u5176\u6548\u30022<\/p>\n

2 \u9648\u66e6\uff0c\u9648\u5e86\u94b1.\u9a86\u5b89\u90a6\u5e94\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6c5f\u897f\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\uff0c2001\uff085\uff09\uff1a13-14.<\/p>\n

5.5\u3000\u533b\u6848\u7cbe\u9009<\/p>\n

5.5.1\u3000\u5468\u56e6\u4e4b\u60a3\u75ab\u670d\u5927\u9ec4\u4e8c\u5341\u4e24\u6848\u2014\u2014\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6570\u8ba1\uff08\u5434\u6709\u6027\u533b\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f59\u91cc\u5468\u56e6\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u60a3\u75ab\u6708\u4f59\uff0c\u82d4\u523a\u51e1\u4e09\u6362\uff0c\u8ba1\u670d\u5927\u9ec4\u4e8c\u5341\u4e24\uff0c\u59cb\u5f97\u70ed\u4e0d\u590d\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u8109\u8bc1\u65b9\u9000\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6570\u8ba1\uff0c\u6709\u662f\u8bc1\u5219\u6295\u662f\u836f\uff0c\u533b\u5bb6\u89c1\u7406\u4e0d\u900f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u672a\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u9053\u751f\u7591\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9047\u6b64\u8bc1\uff0c\u53cd\u81f4\u803d\u6401\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95f4\u65e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u8fde\u4e0b\u4e09\u56db\u65e5\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u8fde\u4e0b\u4e8c\u65e5\u95f4\u4e00\u65e5\u8005\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5bbd\u7f13\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u67f4\u80e1\u6e05\u71e5\u6c64\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7280\u89d2\u5730\u9ec4\u6c64\u8005\u3002\u81f3\u6295\u627f\u6c14\uff0c\u67d0\u65e5\u5e94\u591a\u4e0e\uff0c\u67d0\u65e5\u5e94\u5c11\u4e0e\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ea6\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bef\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b64\u975e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a00\u4f20\uff0c\u8d35\u4e4e\u4e34\u65f6\u659f\u914c\u3002\uff08\u300a\u6e29\u75ab\u8bba\u00b7\u56e0\u8bc1\u6570\u653b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff3b\u6309\u8bed\uff3d\u5434\u6709\u6027\u5728\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u70b9\u51fa\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc3\u5f97\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u51e1\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6570\u8ba1\uff0c\u6709\u662f\u8bc1\u5219\u6295\u662f\u836f\u201d\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u60a3\u8005\u5177\u5907\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9002\u5e94\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62d8\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u800c\u820c\u751f\u82d4\u523a\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9002\u5e94\u8bc1\u3002\u201c\u761f\u75ab\u4e0b\u540e\u4e8c\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e8c\u65e5\uff0c\u820c\u4e0a\u590d\u751f\u82d4\u523a\uff0c\u90aa\u672a\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u518d\u4e0b\u4e4b\uff0c\u82d4\u523a\u867d\u672a\u53bb\uff0c\u5df2\u65e0\u950b\u8292\u800c\u8f6f\uff0c\u7136\u70ed\u6e34\u672a\u9664\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0b\u4e4b\uff0c\u70ed\u6e34\u51cf\uff0c\u82d4\u523a\u8131\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u66f4\u590d\u70ed\uff0c\u53c8\u751f\u82d4\u523a\uff0c\u66f4\u5b9c\u4e0b\u4e4b\u3002\u201d\u81f3\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u653b\u4e0b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\u5219\u8981\u89c6\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u8981\u8c05\u4eba\u4e4b\u865a\u5b9e\uff0c\u5ea6\u90aa\u4e4b\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u5bdf\u75c5\u4e4b\u7f13\u6025\uff0c\u63e3\u90aa\u6c14\u79bb\u819c\u539f\u4e4b\u591a\u5be1\u201d\uff08\u300a\u6e29\u75ab\u8bba\u00b7\u6ce8\u610f\u9010\u90aa\u52ff\u62d8\u7ed3\u7caa\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5434\u6709\u6027\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u6cd5\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u95f4\u65e5\u4e00\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u8fde\u4e0b\u4e09\u56db\u65e5\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u5e94\u8fde\u4e0b\u4e8c\u65e5\u95f4\u4e00\u65e5\u8005\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8bc4\uff1a\u672c\u6848\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u6e29\u75ab\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cc4\u819c\u539f\u70ed\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u867d\u670d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\uff0c\u7136\u82d4\u523a\u51e1\u4e09\u6362\uff0c\u6545\u8ba1\u53cd\u590d\u670d\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e8c\u5341\u4e24\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62d8\u6ce5\u7528\u836f\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u662f\u8bc1\u5fc5\u7528\u662f\u836f\u3002\u4f46\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u8d28\uff0c\u75c5\u90aa\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u75c5\u60c5\u7684\u7f13\u6025\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u9ec4\u7684\u7528\u836f\u5242\u91cf\u548c\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u836f\u5230\u75c5\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

5.5.2\u3000\u5927\u8844\u8840\u2014\u2014\u8840\u6240\u706b\u964d\u4e00\u65f6\u8fd8\uff08\u9093\u9526\u751f\u533b\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f59\u67d0\uff0c\u7537\uff0c77\u5c81\uff0c\u4e8e1989\u5e74\u9634\u5386\u4e00\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\u7a81\u7136\u5927\u8844\u8840\uff0c\u81ea\u7528\u51b7\u6c34\u6577\u989d\u4e0d\u6b62\u3002\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u533b\u6cbb\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u51fa\u8840\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u56f0\u5026\u795e\u660f\uff0c\u5f53\u665a\u5373\u9001\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u533b\u9662\u4f4f\u9662\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u7ecf\u7528\u6b62\u8840\u836f\u3001\u8f93\u6db2\u3001\u8f93\u8840\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u585e\u9f3b\u6b62\u8840\u53ca\u4e2d\u836f\uff0c\u9f3b\u4ecd\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u75c5\u5bb6\u7126\u6025\u627e\u9093\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5904\u65b9\uff1a\u751f\u573025g\uff0c\u767d\u828d15g\uff0c\u4e39\u76ae10g\uff0c\u4ed9\u9e64\u834920g\uff0c\u85d5\u828220g\uff0c\u5927\u9ec460g\uff08\u540e\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u751f\u84b2\u9ec415g\uff0c\u7f9a\u7f8a\u89d22g\uff08\u53e6\u7096\u51b2\u836f\uff09\u3002\u670d1\u5242\uff0c\u534a\u591c\u8840\u6b62\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u6cfb\u67cf\u6cb9\u6837\u9ed1\u7caa\u4fbf\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u6e05\u9192\u9042\u5403\u7a00\u7ca5\u4e24\u7897\u3002\u81ea\u540e\uff0c\u539f\u65b9\u9664\u53bb\u7f9a\u7f8a\u89d2\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u9ec4\u51cf\u81f315g\uff0c\u518d\u670d1\u5242\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u540e\u4ee5\u897f\u6d0b\u53c210g\u3001\u751f\u84b2\u9ec410g\u3001\u751f\u573020g\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u80b2\u9634\u5316\u7600\u8c03\u7406\u800c\u6108\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u9093\u6c38\u4e45\uff0c\u9093\u6c38\u6735.\u9093\u9526\u751f\u8001\u4e2d\u533b\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u5927\u8844\u8840\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6c5f\u897f\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\uff0c1990\uff083\uff09\uff1a35.<\/p>\n

\uff3b\u6309\u8bed\uff3d\u9093\u9526\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e4\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u70ed\u8feb\u8840\u5984\u884c\uff0c\u8840\u4e0d\u5faa\u5f84\uff0c\u8840\u70ed\u4e0a\u653b\u800c\u4e3a\u8844\u8840\u3002\u9648\u4fee\u56ed\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff1a\u8840\u6240\u706b\u964d\u4e00\u65f6\u8fd8\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u6025\u91c7\u53d6\u91dc\u5e95\u62bd\u85aa\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e4\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\uff1a\u626c\u6c64\u6b62\u6cb8\u4e0d\u5982\u53bb\u706b\u62bd\u85aa\uff0c\u5373\u6b64\u610f\u4e5f\u3002\u300a\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u6240\u8c13\u5b9e\u5219\u6cfb\u4e4b\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u867d\u4e0d\u662f\u6b62\u8840\u836f\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u836f\u6027\u80fd\u6cfb\u9677\u5165\u8840\u5206\u4e4b\u90aa\u70ed\u3002\u4e14\u300a\u5185\u7ecf\u300b\u53c8\u8bf4\u5230\u4e0a\u75c5\u4e0b\u53d6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u80c6\u7528\u4e4b\u53d6\u6548\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u52a0\u751f\u84b2\u9ec4\u3001\u7f9a\u7f8a\u89d2\u5e73\u809d\u5316\u7600\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u62cd\u3002\u540e\u53c8\u4ee5\u897f\u6d0b\u53c2\u3001\u751f\u5730\u7b49\u5584\u540e\u8c03\u517b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672a\u6709\u590d\u53d1\u4e4b\u865e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bc4\uff1a\u5927\u9ec4\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b62\u8840\u836f\u3002\u5b83\u529f\u6548\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5371\u6025\u91cd\u75c7\u3002\u4ee5\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u9ec4\u8fde\u3001\u9ec4\u82a9\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e09\u9ec4\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u53c8\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u51fa\u8840\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u3002\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u8981\u7565\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a\u201c\u5410\u8840\u3001\u8844\u8840\uff0c\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u4e3b\u4e4b\u3002\u201d\u6e05\u4ee3\u533b\u5bb6\u9648\u4fee\u56ed\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f59\u6cbb\u5410\u8840\uff0c\u8bf8\u836f\u4e0d\u6b62\u8005\uff0c\u7528\u300a\u91d1\u532e\u300b\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u767e\u8bd5\u767e\u6548\u3002\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5386\u4ee3\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u6b62\u8840\u5c61\u89c1\u4e8e\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u5982\u5b59\u601d\u9088\u300a\u5907\u6025\u5343\u91d1\u8981\u65b9\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6709\u5410\u8840\u767e\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6108\uff0c\u7597\u5341\u5341\u7625\uff0c\u795e\u9a8c\u4e0d\u4f20\u65b9\uff0c\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u9ec4\u7c89\u7528\u751f\u5730\u9ec4\u6c41\u541e\u670d\uff0c\u53d6\u6548\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u201c\u4ee5\u5229\u4e3a\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u9f9a\u5ef7\u8d24\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u4e38\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u5473\u5927\u9ec4\u9152\u62cc\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e5d\u84b8\u4e5d\u6652\u4e3a\u672b\uff0c\u6c34\u6cdb\u4e3a\u4e38\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u6cbb\u5410\u8840\u4e0d\u6b62\u5982\u795e\u201d\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u540d\u533b\u5f20\u9521\u7eaf\u6709\u79d8\u7ea2\u4e39\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8089\u6842\u7814\u7c89\u7b49\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u4ee3\u8d6d\u77f3\u6c64\u9001\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5410\u8840\u3001\u8844\u8840\u5c61\u670d\u4ed6\u836f\u4e0d\u6548\u8005\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u56e0\u51c9\u56e0\u70ed\u670d\u4e4b\u7686\u6548\u3002\u5434\u97a0\u901a\u66fe\u6cbb\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u5c81\uff0c\u9152\u5ba2\uff0c\u5927\u5410\u8840\u6210\u76c6\uff0c\u516d\u8109\u6d2a\u6570\uff0c\u9762\u8d64\u3002\u4e09\u9633\u5b9e\u706b\u4e3a\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0e\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u4e00\u5e16\u800c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e8c\u5e16\u8109\u5e73\u3002\u540e\u4e03\u65e5\u53c8\u53d1\uff0c\u8109\u5982\u6545\uff0c\u53c8\u4e8c\u5e16\u3002\u5927\u9ec418g\uff0c\u9ec4\u8fde15g\uff0c\u9ec4\u82a915g\u3002\u718a\u5be5\u7b19\u6ce8\uff1a\u672c\u6848\u4e3a\u5b9e\u70ed\u5410\u8840\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u5b9e\u70ed\uff0c\u5927\u5410\u8840\u76c8\u76c6\uff0c\u5e73\u7d20\u591a\u9152\uff0c\u8109\u6d2a\u6570\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e09\u9633\u5b9e\u706b\u4e3a\u75c5\uff0c\u6545\u7528\u672c\u65b9\u6cbb\u4e4b\u800c\u6108\u3002\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u6cbb\u75de\uff0c\u662f\u653b\u8865\u517c\u65bd\u3001\u5bd2\u70ed\u5e76\u9a70\u4e4b\u5242\u3002\u5927\u9ec4\u9ec4\u8fde\u6cfb\u5fc3\u6c64\u5219\u5c3d\u53bb\u6e29\u8865\uff0c\u72ec\u4efb\u5927\u9ec4\u4e4b\u82e6\u5bd2\uff0c\u6cfb\u8425\u5206\u4e4b\u70ed\uff0c\u80fd\u9664\u80c3\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fde\u3001\u82a9\u82e6\u5bd2\uff0c\u80fd\u89e3\u79bb\u5bab\u4e4b\u706b\uff0c\u6cfb\u6c14\u5206\u4e4b\u70ed\u3002\u4e09\u5473\u539f\u65b9\u4ee5\u9ebb\u6cb8\u6e0d\u4e4b\uff0c\u987b\u81fe\u53bb\u6e23\uff0c\u5206\u6e29\u518d\u670d\uff0c\u53d6\u5176\u6c14\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d6\u5176\u5473\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4f24\u6b63\u6c14\uff0c\u6b64\u53c8\u714e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6700\u5947\u8005\u3002\u51e1\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7126\u8865\u5242\uff0c\u5f53\u591a\u714e\uff0c\u4ee5\u719f\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1b\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7126\u4e4b\u6cfb\u5242\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u714e\uff0c\u4ee5\u751f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u672c\u6c64\u539f\u65b9\u6cbb\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e4b\u70ed\u90aa\uff0c\u6545\u4ea6\u7528\u751f\u836f\u767e\u6cb8\u6c64\u6ce1\u670d2\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u718a\u5be5\u7b19.\u718a\u5be5\u7b19\u4f24\u5bd2\u540d\u6848\u9009\u65b0\u6ce8\uff3bM\uff3d.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u519b\u533b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008.<\/p>\n

5.5.3\u3000\u598a\u5a20\u54ee\u5598\u2014\u2014\u5ba3\u80ba\u6e05\u70ed\uff0c\u5316\u75f0\u964d\u9006\u5e73\u5598\uff08\u8096\u4fca\u9038\u533b\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u738b\u67d0\uff0c\u5973\uff0c37\u5c81\uff0c1970\u5e749\u670827\u65e5\u521d\u8bca\u3002\u5176\u4eba\u7d20\u6709\u54ee\u5598\u75c5\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd12\u5468\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c61\u7528\u4e2d\u897f\u836f\u6cbb\u7597\u65e0\u6548\u800c\u75c5\u60c5\u65e5\u6e10\u52a0\u91cd\u3002\u8bca\u524d\u5987\u68c0\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6000\u5b553\u4e2a\u6708\u4f59\u3002\u75c7\u89c1\u547c\u5438\u6025\u4fc3\uff0c\u80f8\u9ad8\u6c14\u7c97\uff0c\u5f20\u53e3\u62ac\u80a9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5367\uff0c\u5589\u4e2d\u75f0\u9e23\u5982\u952f\uff0c\u75f0\u9ec4\u9ecf\u7a20\uff0c\u6c57\u51fa\uff0c\u9762\u8272\u9752\u7d2b\uff0c\u56db\u80a2\u9006\u51b7\uff0c\u53e3\u6e34\uff0c\u820c\u82d4\u9ec4\u539a\u817b\u6d4a\uff0c\u8109\u5f26\u6ed1\u6709\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u75f0\u70ed\u95ed\u80ba\u4e4b\u54ee\u5598\u5b9e\u8bc1\u3002\u6cbb\u4ee5\u5ba3\u80ba\u6e05\u70ed\uff0c\u5316\u75f0\u964d\u9006\u5e73\u5598\u3002\u5904\u65b9\uff1a\u9632\u98ce\u3001\u767d\u828d\u3001\u767d\u82b7\u3001\u8346\u82a5\u54046g\uff0c\u8fde\u7fd89g\uff0c\u9ebb\u9ec4\u3001\u8584\u8377\u54043g\uff0c\u5ddd\u828e5g\uff0c\u5927\u9ec424g\uff0c\u8292\u785d18g\u3002<\/p>\n

\u836f\u540e\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e5\u6cfb\u5341\u4f59\u6b21\uff0c\u89e3\u80f6\u51bb\u6837\u7caa\u4fbf\u3002\u7cbe\u795e\u7a0d\u51cf\uff0c\u996e\u98df\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u670d\u81f3\u5341\u4f59\u5242\u540e\uff0c\u54ee\u5598\u5927\u51cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4e0a\u5e8a\u843d\u6795\u3002\u5927\u4fbf\u6bcf\u65e5\u89e3\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8d28\u7a00\u3002\u5b88\u65b9\u5171\u670d\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u5242\uff0c\u75c5\u6108\u3002\u6bcd\u5b50\u5b89\u7136\u65e0\u6059\uff0c\u81f3\u4ea7\u671f\u968f\u8bbf\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u5206\u5a29\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff3b\u6309\u8bed\uff3d\u6b64\u4f8b\u598a\u5a20\u54ee\u5598\uff0c\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6c57\u51fa\u3001\u9762\u9752\u80a2\u51c9\u3002\u6293\u4f4f\u75f0\u70ed\u95ed\u80ba\u8fd9\u4e00\u75c5\u673a\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5c06\u80ba\u4e0e\u5927\u80a0\u76f8\u8868\u91cc\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5fc5\u5f53\u653b\u90aa\uff0c\u90aa\u53bb\u75c5\u81ea\u5b89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u3002\u679c\u65ad\u4f7f\u7528\u5cfb\u4e0b\u836f\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8292\u785d\uff0c\u65e2\u6e05\u8083\u80ba\u6c14\u53c8\u8361\u6da4\u80a0\u80c3\uff0c\u6cc4\u5176\u75f0\u70ed\uff0c\u5bfc\u75f0\u70ed\u81ea\u5927\u80a0\u800c\u51fa\u5219\u54ee\u5598\u81ea\u5e73\u3002\u5171\u670d\u5927\u9ec4500g\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8292\u785d\u8fd1500g\u3002\u5242\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u6301\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5341\u4f59\u65e5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u75c5\u59cb\u5f97\u6108\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u9075\u7167\u201c\u4e2d\u75c5\u5373\u6b62\u201d\u4e4b\u53e4\u8bad\uff0c\u5f85\u70ed\u9000\u75f0\u5316\uff0c\u54ee\u5598\u5df2\u5e73\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u836f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6bcd\u5b50\u5b89\u51681\u3002<\/p>\n

1 \u8096\u4fca\u9038.\u598a\u5a20\u7528\u6cfb\u6848\u4e09\u5219\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u65b0\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c1985\uff085\uff09\uff1a15-16.<\/p>\n

\u8bc4\uff1a\u5bf9\u6cfb\u4e0b\u6cd5\u53ca\u5927\u9ec4\u3001\u8292\u785d\u7b49\u836f\u672c\u662f\u598a\u5a20\u6240\u5fcc\uff0c\u4f46\u8096\u8001\u8fa8\u8bc1\u8bba\u6cbb\uff0c\u6709\u662f\u8bc1\u7528\u662f\u836f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6536\u836f\u5230\u75c5\u9664\u80ce\u5b89\u4e4b\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

5.5.4\u3000\u75ab\u8eab\u5367\u5982\u5851\u6848\u2014\u2014\u5bdf\u820c\u7528\u836f\uff08\u5434\u6709\u6027\u533b\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6731\u6d77\u7574\u8005\uff0c\u5e74\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5c81\uff0c\u60a3\u75ab\u5f97\u4e0b\u8bc1\uff0c\u56db\u80a2\u4e0d\u4e3e\uff0c\u8eab\u5367\u5982\u5851\uff0c\u76ee\u95ed\u53e3\u5f20\uff0c\u820c\u4e0a\u82d4\u523a\uff0c\u95ee\u5176\u6240\u82e6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b54\uff0c\u56e0\u95ee\u5176\u5b50\uff1a\u4e24\u4e09\u65e5\u6240\u670d\u4f55\u836f\uff1f\u4e91\u8fdb\u627f\u6c14\u6c64\u4e09\u5242\uff0c\u6bcf\u5242\u6295\u5927\u9ec4\u4e24\u8bb8\u4e0d\u6548\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u4ed6\u7b56\uff0c\u60df\u5f85\u65e5\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5fcd\u5750\u89c6\uff0c\u66f4\u7948\u4e00\u8bca\u3002\u4f59\u8bca\u5f97\u8109\u5c1a\u6709\u795e\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bc1\u6089\u5177\uff0c\u836f\u6d45\u75c5\u6df1\u4e5f\u3002\u5148\u6295\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u4e24\u4e94\u94b1\uff0c\u76ee\u6709\u65f6\u800c\u5c0f\u52a8\uff1b\u518d\u6295\u820c\u523a\u65e0\u8292\uff0c\u53e3\u6e10\u5f00\u80fd\u8a00\u3002\u4e09\u5242\u820c\u82d4\u5c11\u53bb\uff0c\u795e\u601d\u7a0d\u723d\u3002\u56db\u65e5\u670d\u67f4\u80e1\u6e05\u71e5\u6c64\uff0c\u4e94\u65e5\u590d\u751f\u8292\u523a\uff0c\u70e6\u70ed\u53c8\u52a0\uff0c\u518d\u4e0b\u4e4b\u3002\u4e03\u65e5\u53c8\u6295\u627f\u6c14\u517b\u8425\u6c64\uff0c\u70ed\u5c11\u9000\u3002\u516b\u65e5\u4ecd\u7528\u5927\u627f\u6c14\uff0c\u80a2\u4f53\u81ea\u80fd\u5c11\u52a8\u3002\u8ba1\u534a\u6708\uff0c\u5171\u670d\u5927\u9ec4\u5341\u4e8c\u4e24\u800c\u6108\u3002\u53c8\u6570\u65e5\uff0c\u59cb\u8fdb\u7cdc\u7ca5\uff0c\u8c03\u7406\u4e24\u6708\u5e73\u590d\u3002\u51e1\u6cbb\u5343\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u9047\u6b64\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e09\u56db\u4eba\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u59d1\u5b58\u6848\u4ee5\u5907\u53c2\u914c\u3002\uff08\u300a\u6e29\u75ab\u8bba\u00b7\u56e0\u8bc1\u6570\u653b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff3b\u6309\u8bed\uff3d\u8bfb\u672c\u6848\u5e94\u7740\u773c\u5904\u4e3a\u201c\u5bdf\u820c\u7528\u836f\u201d\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u56e0\u75ab\u800c\u56db\u80a2\u4e0d\u4e3e\u3001\u8eab\u5367\u5982\u5851\u3001\u76ee\u95ed\u53e3\u5f20\u3001\u820c\u4e0a\u82d4\u523a\uff0c\u524d\u533b\u867d\u7528\u627f\u6c14\uff0c\u7136\u836f\u6d45\u75c5\u6df1\u3002\u5434\u6709\u6027\u9996\u5242\u5c31\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u4e00\u4e24\u4e94\u94b1\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u201c\u76ee\u6709\u65f6\u800c\u5c0f\u52a8\u201d\u8f83\u524d\u201c\u76ee\u95ed\u53e3\u5f20\u201d\u6709\u6240\u597d\u8f6c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5242\u540e\u201c\u820c\u523a\u65e0\u8292\uff0c\u53e3\u6e10\u5f00\u80fd\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8f83\u524d\u4e4b\u201c\u76ee\u95ed\u53e3\u5f20\u201d\u75c7\u660e\u663e\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u820c\u4e0a\u8292\u523a\u51cf\u8f7b\uff1b\u4e09\u5242\u820c\u82d4\u5c11\u53bb\uff0c\u795e\u601d\u7a0d\u723d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u56db\u65e5\u670d\u67f4\u80e1\u6e05\u71e5\u6c64\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5434\u6709\u6027\u5728\u201c\u5bbd\u7f13\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\uff08\u820c\u82d4\u5c11\u53bb\uff0c\u795e\u601d\u7a0d\u723d\uff09\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u7b56\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u7ee7\u800c\u53c8\u73b0\u8292\u523a\uff0c\u5434\u6c0f\u518d\u7528\u627f\u6c14\uff0c\u81f3\u7b2c\u516b\u65e5\u201c\u80a2\u4f53\u81ea\u80fd\u5c11\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u8f83\u524d\u4e4b\u201c\u56db\u80a2\u4e0d\u4e3e\uff0c\u8eab\u5367\u5982\u5851\u201d\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u75c5\u60c5\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u597d\u8f6c\u3002\u672c\u6848\u5927\u9ec4\u6bcf\u5242\u8fbe45g\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u534a\u6708\u5171\u670d\u5927\u9ec4\u5341\u4e8c\u4e24\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u91cd\u5242\uff0c\u8c03\u7406\u4e24\u6708\u75ca\u6108\u3002<\/p>\n

5.5.5\u3000\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u9ed1\u53d8\u75c5\uff08\u674e\u70b3\u8302\u533b\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5510\u67d0\uff0c\u7537\uff0c41\u5c81\uff0c\u56e0\u9762\u90e8\u3001\u9888\u90e8\u53ca\u56db\u80a2\u76ae\u80a4\u66b4\u9732\u90e8\u4f4d\u5448\u73b0\u7247\u72b6\u9ed1\u65915\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u91cd1\u5e74\u5c31\u8bca\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u5370\u5237\u5de5\u4f5c\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u9762\u90e8\u3001\u9888\u90e8\u53ca\u56db\u80a2\u76ae\u80a4\u66b4\u9732\u90e8\u4f4d\u5448\u73b0\u7247\u72b6\u9ed1\u6591\uff0c\u66fe\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u534f\u548c\u533b\u9662\u76ae\u80a4\u79d1\u5c31\u8bca\uff0c\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u201c\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u9ed1\u53d8\u75c5\u201d\uff0c\u4e88\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20C\u7b49\u836f\u7269\u53e3\u670d\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd11\u5e74\u6765\u9ed1\u6591\u6709\u52a0\u91cd\u8d8b\u52bf\uff08\u73b0\u5df2\u8131\u79bb\u539f\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\uff09\u3002\u523b\u8bca\uff1a\u9762\u90e8\u3001\u9888\u90e8\u3001\u8033\u540e\u53ca\u56db\u80a2\u66b4\u9732\u76ae\u80a4\u7247\u72b6\u9ee7\u9ed1\uff0c\u5e72\u71e5\u65e0\u5149\u6cfd\uff0c\u8131\u53d1\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u53e3\u5e72\uff0c\u7761\u7720\u5dee\uff0c\u70e6\u8e81\u6613\u6012\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf3\uff5e4\u65e51\u884c\uff0c\u9ecf\u817b\u4e0d\u723d\uff0c\u6709\u672a\u5c3d\u611f\uff0c\u820c\u6697\u6de1\uff0c\u8fb9\u6709\u9f7f\u75d5\uff0c\u82d4\u9ec4\u539a\u3001\u7565\u817b\uff0c\u8109\u7ec6\u5f26\u6ed1\u3002\u8f85\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a\u809d\u80be\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5934\u9885CT\u65e0\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fa8\u8bc1\u4e3a\u7600\u6bd2\u5185\u4fb5\uff0c\u813e\u80be\u4e8f\u865a\u3002\u6cbb\u5b9c\u795b\u7600\u6392\u6bd2\uff0c\u5065\u813e\u76ca\u80be\u3002\u5904\u65b9\uff1a\u5927\u9ec420g\uff0c\u5f53\u5f5220g\uff0c\u5ddd\u828e15g\uff0c\u719f\u5730\u9ec415g\uff0c\u8d64\u828d\u836f15g\uff0c\u767d\u82b715g\uff0c\u832f\u82d320g\uff0c\u732a\u82d315g\uff0c\u858f\u82e1\u4ec115g\uff0c\u4e39\u53c220g\uff0c\u67b8\u675e\u5b5015g\uff0c\u6deb\u7f8a\u85ff20g\uff0c\u5347\u9ebb6g\uff0c\u4f55\u9996\u4e4c15g\uff0c\u4eba\u53c25g\uff0c\u4e09\u4e03\u7c89\uff08\u51b2\u670d\uff093g\u300214\u5242\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e51\u5242\uff0c\u52063\u6b21\u670d\u3002\u4e8c\u8bca\uff0c\u8bc9\u76ae\u80a4\u5e72\u71e5\u53ca\u53e3\u5e72\u75c7\u72b6\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f59\u75c7\u6539\u5584\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4e00\u8bca\u65b9\u6539\u5927\u9ec425g\uff0c\u4e09\u4e03\u7c89\uff08\u51b2\u670d\uff095g\u300230\u5242\uff0c\u714e\u670d\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u524d\u3002\u4e09\u8bca\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u6709\u5149\u6cfd\uff0c\u9ed1\u6591\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u4e24\u98a7\u53ca\u989d\u90e8\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u7761\u7720\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5927\u4fbf\u4ecd\u9ecf\u817b\uff0c\u820c\u6697\u6de1\uff0c\u82d4\u9ec4\u539a\u7565\u817b\uff0c\u8109\u5f26\u6ed1\u3002\u4e8c\u8bca\u65b9\u52a0\u539a\u673415g\uff0c\u6539\u4e39\u53c230g\uff0c\u858f\u82e1\u4ec130g\uff0c\u5927\u9ec430g\u300260\u5242\uff0c\u714e\u670d\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u524d\u3002\u56db\u8bca\uff0c\u76ae\u80a4\u6da6\u6cfd\u5ea6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u9ed1\u6591\u6de1\u5316\uff0c\u7eb3\u53ef\uff0c\u5bd0\u5b89\uff0c\u4f59\u75c7\u5747\u6709\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u6548\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b9\uff0c2\u65e51\u5242\uff0c\u7ee7\u670d6\u4e2a\u6708\u30026\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u76ae\u80a4\u66b4\u9732\u90e8\u4f4d\u51e0\u65e0\u9ed1\u6591\uff0c\u968f\u8bbf3\u4e2a\u6708\u672a\u89c1\u53cd\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff3b\u6309\u8bed\uff3d\u60a3\u8005\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u5370\u5237\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6f06\u3001\u58a8\u7b49\u90aa\u6bd2\u4fb5\u5165\u4eba\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0e\u8840\u640f\u7ed3\uff0c\u8017\u6c14\u4f24\u9634\uff0c\u813e\u865a\u5931\u8fd0\uff0c\u8fd0\u5316\u5931\u804c\uff0c\u813e\u571f\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5316\u751f\u7cbe\u5fae\u3002\u300a\u5916\u79d1\u6b63\u5b97\u300b\u8f7d\u201c\u9ee7\u9ed1\u6591\u8005\uff0c\u6c34\u4e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u706b\uff0c\u8840\u5f31\u4e0d\u80fd\u534e\u8089\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u706b\u71e5\u7ed3\u6210\u6591\u9ed1\uff0c\u8272\u67af\u4e0d\u6cfd\u201d\uff0c\u6c14\u8840\u4e8f\u865a\uff0c\u6c14\u5316\u65e0\u529b\uff0c\u8840\u884c\u7600\u6ede\uff0c\u4e45\u75c5\u5165\u7edc\uff0c\u4e45\u75c5\u5fc5\u7600\uff0c\u7600\u4e8e\u808c\u8868\uff0c\u808c\u80a4\u5931\u517b\uff1b\u4e45\u75c5\u53ca\u80be\uff0c\u80be\u6c14\u4e8f\u865a\uff0c\u5931\u4e8e\u8363\u517b\uff0c\u8272\u9ed1\u4e3b\u80be\uff0c\u5176\u8272\u4e0a\u6cdb\u3002\u300a\u533b\u6797\u6539\u9519\u300b\u66f0\u201c\u4e45\u75c5\u5165\u7edc\u5373\u7600\u8840\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u8bfb\u533b\u968f\u7b14\u300b\u8f7d\uff1a\u201c\u53f6\u5929\u58eb\u8c13\u4e45\u75c5\u5fc5\u6cbb\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u8bf4\u8c13\u75c5\u4e45\u6c14\u8840\u63a8\u884c\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u8840\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u6709\u7600\u51dd\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cbb\u5f53\u4ee5\u795b\u7600\u4e3a\u5148\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u610f\u5728\u795b\u7600\u6392\u6bd2\uff0c\u6bd2\u9664\u9ed1\u53bb\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u4ed6\u836f\u5171\u594f\u751f\u65b0\u4e4b\u6548\u3002\u300a\u672c\u8349\u6b63\u4e49\u300b\u8d5e\u5927\u9ec4\u201c\u8fc5\u901f\u5584\u8d70\uff0c\u76f4\u8fbe\u4e0b\u7126\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8840\u5206\uff0c\u65e0\u575a\u4e0d\u7834\uff0c\u8361\u6da4\u79ef\u57a2\uff0c\u6709\u7281\u5ead\u626b\u7a74\u4e4b\u529f\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5927\u9ec4\u6c14\u8840\u540c\u8c03\uff0c\u5c24\u4e3a\u8840\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5b9d\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u8840\u5206\u75c5\u53d8\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u5f53\u5f52\u3001\u5ddd\u828e\u3001\u719f\u5730\u9ec4\u3001\u8d64\u828d\u836f\u517b\u8840\u6d3b\u8840\uff0c\u8840\u8363\u5219\u808c\u80a4\u5f97\u517b\uff0c\u6bdb\u53d1\u6da6\u6cfd\uff1b\u4e09\u4e03\u3001\u4e39\u53c2\u6d3b\u8840\u5316\u7600\uff0c\u52a9\u5927\u9ec4\u795b\u7600\u6392\u6bd2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u65b0\u751f\uff1b\u4eba\u53c2\u3001\u832f\u82d3\u3001\u732a\u82d3\u3001\u858f\u82e1\u4ec1\u76ca\u6c14\u5065\u813e\u5229\u6e7f\uff0c\u813e\u5f97\u5065\u8fd0\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fae\u5f97\u5316\uff1b\u201c\u813e\u9633\u6839\u4e8e\u80be\u9633\u201d\uff0c\u52a0\u67b8\u675e\u5b50\u3001\u4f55\u9996\u4e4c\u3001\u6deb\u7f8a\u85ff\u8865\u80be\u6e29\u9633\uff0c\u586b\u7cbe\u76ca\u9ad3\uff1b\u767d\u82b7\u5165\u80ba\u7ecf\uff0c\u80ba\u4e3b\u76ae\u6bdb\uff0c\u5347\u9ebb\u5165\u813e\u80c3\u7ecf\uff0c\u5584\u5f15\u813e\u80c3\u6e05\u9633\u4e4b\u6c14\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4e24\u836f\u76f8\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u836f\u529b\u76f4\u8fbe\u75c5\u6240\u30021<\/p>\n

1 \u5f20\u8d4f\uff0c\u4efb\u53cc\u6770\uff0c\u79e6\u7ade\u5f00.\u674e\u70b3\u8302\u6559\u6388\u91cd\u7528\u5927\u9ec4\u6cbb\u7597\u7591\u96be\u75c5\u9a8c\u6848\u4e3e\u9685\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6cb3\u5317\u4e2d\u533b\uff0c2015\uff0c37\uff0810\uff09\uff1a1454-1457.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

5\u3000\u5927\u9ec4 5.1\u3000\u53e4\u4ee3\u836f\u8bba \u6211\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5927\u9ec4\u4e3b\u6cbb\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u662f\u300a\u795e\u519c\u672c\u8349\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u65e9 … \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-70"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59427\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}