{"id":36689,"date":"2024-06-11T08:01:13","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T08:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=36689"},"modified":"2024-06-11T08:01:13","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T08:01:13","slug":"radiographics%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%9a%e9%87%8f%e7%a3%81%e5%8c%96%e7%8e%87%e6%88%90%e5%83%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%92%8c%e4%b8%b4%e5%ba%8a%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=36689","title":{"rendered":"RadioGraphics\uff1a\u5b9a\u91cf\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6210\u50cf\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a \u65e5\u672c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u8bca\u65ad\u533b\u5b66\u79d1 Taisuke Harada \u6559\u6388\u4e00\u4f5c\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5168\u7403\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc3 Kohsuke Kudo&nbsp; \u6559\u6388\u4e8c\u4f5c\u517c\u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005 2022 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e RadioGraphics&nbsp;\u7684\u56fe\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u9898\u4e3a\u201cQuantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Basic Methods and Clinical Applications\u201d\u3002DOI\uff1a10.1148\/rg.210054\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Abstract\u5b9a\u91cf\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6210\u50cf\uff08QSM\uff09\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u5148\u8fdb MRI \u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5916\u52a0\u78c1\u573a\u4e0b\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cQSM \u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u94c1\u3001\u542b\u94c1\u8840\u9ec4\u7d20\u3001\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\uff08\u987a\u78c1\u6027\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9499\u5316\uff08\u6297\u78c1\u6027\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u4f20\u7edf\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u547c\u5438\u548c\u5fc3\u8df3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f2a\u5f71\u4ee5\u53ca\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06 QSM \u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5176\u9891\u7387\u4e0e\u8d28\u5b50\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c06 MRI \u76f8\u4f4d\u56fe\u50cf\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a QSM \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86 QSM \u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u3002SA-CME(Self-Assessment Continuing Medical Education) LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter completing this journal-based SA-CME activity, participants will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe magnetic susceptibility and reconstruction of QSM.<\/li>\n<li>Differentiate between calcification and hemorrhage at QSM.<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Recognize the pathophysiologic basis of neurodegenerative disorders and identify the sites of iron deposition in each disorder.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>TEACHING POINTS<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Magnetic susceptibility (\u03c7) is a substance-specific material&nbsp;property that describes the response of the substance of an&nbsp;object to being placed within a magnetic field.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, calcification and hemorrhage are easy to distinguish with QSM because the magnetic susceptibility is indicated as low and high contrast, respectively.<\/li>\n<li>In diseases that manifest with abnormal iron deposition such&nbsp;as NBIA, it is necessary to consider whether the iron deposition is age appropriate, as a similar level of iron deposition in the basal ganglia may be abnormal in children but within normal limits in elderly adults.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, serial QSM provides information regarding the&nbsp;current state of inflammation within multiple sclerosis lesions.Lesions with no increase in magnetic susceptibility are acute or older than 5 years, while those with increased magnetic susceptibility indicate the possibility of several weeks to years after onset.<\/li>\n<li>The theory behind generating OEF maps from QSM is based&nbsp;on the idea that the susceptibility of veins is higher than that of brain parenchyma because of the elevated deoxyhemoglobin concentration.Introduction\n<p>\u5b9a\u91cf\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6210\u50cf\uff08QSM\uff09\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb 10 \u5e74\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u65b0\u7684MRI \u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u91cf\u5316\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5e38\u89c4\u68af\u5ea6\u56de\u6ce2\uff08GRE\uff09T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u5df2\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f02\u5e38\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c42\u9762\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5c42\u9762\u95f4\u9694\u548c\u5c42\u9762\u4f4d\u7f6e\u504f\u79fb\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u654f\u611f\u6027\u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\uff08SWI\uff09\u662f\u5728 T2* \u5bf9\u6bd4\u589e\u5f3a\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u7ef4\u91c7\u96c6\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u4f4d\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u51fa\u8840\u68c0\u51fa\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u7ecf\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u7cca\u4f2a\u5f71\uff08blooming artifact\uff09\u3002R2*\uff08\u6a2a\u5411\u5f1b\u8c6b\u7387\uff09\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u8bc4\u4f30\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u53d7\u5230\u78c1\u573a\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u573a\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4f4e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cQSM \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u91cf\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u91cd\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5728 SWI \u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cQSM \u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u3002Table and Figure 1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cd\u5efa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e86 QSM \u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Figure 1. Diagram of the relationship between the image and source data for evaluation of magnetic susceptibility. SWI, R2*, and&nbsp;QSM are reconstructed from the data obtained from a gradient multiecho acquisition. SWI (green box) is based on a set of magnitude&nbsp;and phase images with a long echo time (TE), and the magnitude image is multiplied by the phase image several times. R2* (blue&nbsp;box) is obtained as the reciprocal of the T2* value (1\/T2*), and the T2* value can be calculated from multiple magnitude images.QSM (red box) uses multiple phase images to perform multiple reconstruction steps. T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) (yellow box)&nbsp;does not require any reconstruction process.Basic MethodsMagnetic Susceptibility to Magnet Field<\/p>\n<p>\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff08\u03c7\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u76ee\u6807\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u78c1\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u78c1\u573a\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u78c1\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u573a(Fig 2)\u3002\u5728\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u4f53\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u78c1\u573a\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u78c1\u573a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u78c1\u573a\u53d8\u5f97\u8f83\u5f31\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u9759\u6001\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u78c1\u573a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff08Fig E1\uff09\u3002QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u548c\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u6b63\u503c\u548c\u8d1f\u503c\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u548c\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Figure 2. Magnetic dipole field. (A) Magnetic dipole field in a situation of paramagnetic material in a static magnetic field.(B) Phase map of the same simulation with a paramagnetic object placed in a static magnetic field viewed from a parallel direction to&nbsp;B0. (C) Coronal unwrapped phase map around microbleeds in vivo. A magnetic field (dashed line) can be observed forming around&nbsp;the paramagnetic material. There are also lobes of positive and negative field strength, which are defined as areas of relative high and&nbsp;low contrast, respectively, in the simulation (B) and in vivo (C). B0 is the direction of the static magnetic field.How to Reconstruct QSM<\/p>\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u4ece\u5e45\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u4f4d\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5c40\u90e8\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u50cf\u91c7\u96c6\u3001\u533a\u57df\u63d0\u53d6\u3001\u76f8\u4f4d\u5c55\u5f00\u3001\u80cc\u666f\u573a\u53bb\u9664\u548c\u78c1\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u53cd\u6f14\uff08Fig 3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 3. Process steps for converting GRE images into magnetic susceptibility. The QSM pipeline from multiple three-dimensional,gradient-echo, multiple-TE images (magnitude images in upper row and phase images in lower row) to QSM consists of the following&nbsp;steps: phase unwrapping (1), background field removal (2), and dipole inversion (3). ms = milliseconds. Image acquisition. \u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u7ef4 GRE \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u548c\u5e45\u5ea6\u56fe\u50cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e QSM \u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u56de\u6ce2\u91c7\u96c6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u56de\u6ce2\u91c7\u96c6\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u78c1\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6210\u50cf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u56de\u6ce2\u65f6\u95f4\uff08TE\uff09\u5e94\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684 T2* \u503c\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u8fd1\u4f3c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4fe1\u566a\u6bd4\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5927\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21 TE \u5e94\u4e3a 30\u201340 \u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u56de\u6ce2\u95f4\u9694\u5e94\u5728 5 \u6beb\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\u5c42\u539a\u5e94\u5c0f\u4e8e 2 mm\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u8584\u5c42\u539a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5c0f\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u5bb9\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Region extraction. \u63d0\u53d6\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97 QSM \u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5982\u7a7a\u6c14\u3001\u9aa8\u9abc\u548c\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Phase unwrapping. \u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u4f4d\u56fe\u50cf\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f4d\u7f20\u7ed5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u533a\u57df\u751f\u957f\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4f4d\u5c55\u5f00\u3002Background field removal. &nbsp;\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u573a\u53d7\u76ee\u6807\u5916\u5404\u79cd\u78c1\u6e90\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8c10\u6ce2\u4f2a\u5f71\u51cf\u5c11\uff08RESHARP\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u573a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u80cc\u666f\u573a\u53bb\u9664\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5c40\u90e8\u78c1\u573a\u3002Magnetic dipole inversion. \u5c40\u90e8\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 k \u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u78c1\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u5377\u79ef\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff08Fig E2\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u79f0\u4e3a\u5076\u6781\u5b50\u53cd\u6f14\u3002Clinical Applications<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0cT2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u548c SWI \u5df2\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u8bb8\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5982\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u9885\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u542b\u94c1\u8840\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u5fae\u51fa\u8840\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u542b\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u8131\u9ad3\u9798\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8840\u6813\u4e2d\u98ce\u548c\u9759\u8109\u8840\u7ba1\u7578\u5f62\u3002SWI \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f02\u5e38\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u6b63\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\u548c\u8d1f\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\u3002\u4e0e SWI \u76f8\u53cd\uff0cQSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u94c1\uff08\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\uff09\u548c\u542b\u94c1\u8840\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5c06\u9ad3\u9798\u3001\u542b\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u9499\u5316\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0cQSM \u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u7531\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u542b\u6709\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u6df1\u90e8\u7070\u8d28\uff09\u3001\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u542b\u6709\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u9ad8\u94c1\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u542b\u94c1\u8840\u9ec4\u7d20\u7684\u5fae\u51fa\u8840\u3001\u9759\u8109\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u7684\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff08\u5982\u542b\u6709\u9ad3\u78f7\u8102\u7684\u767d\u8d28\uff09\u548c\u8109\u7edc\u4e1b\uff08\u542b\u6709\u9499\u5316\uff09\uff08Fig 4\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u548c\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0cQSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Table E1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 QSM \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u90e8\u4f4d\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 4. Contrast of QSM in the brain. The QSM&nbsp;image clearly reveals the corticomedullary junction (1),cortical vein (deoxyhemoglobin) (2), internal capsule&nbsp;(myelin) (3), microbleeds in the thalamus (hemosiderin) (4), calcification of the choroid plexus (5), and&nbsp;optic radiation (myelin) (6). The basal ganglia show&nbsp;higher contrast than the surrounding myelin because&nbsp;of iron deposition and microhemorrhage, whereas the&nbsp;inside contains areas of low contrast that are suggestive of calcification. <\/p>\n<p>Hemorrhage and Calcifications<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 QSM \u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\u5206\u522b\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u548c\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u533a\u57df\u3002\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u9885\u5185\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51fa\u8840\u53ef\u5728\u51fa\u8840\u6027\u4e2d\u98ce\u3001\u521b\u4f24\u6027\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u3001\u8840\u7ba1\u7578\u5f62\u6216\u6076\u6027\u80f6\u8d28\u7624\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u9499\u5316\u5e38\u5728\u7ed3\u8282\u6027\u786c\u5316\u3001\u7ed3\u6838\u3001Sturge-Weber \u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u3001\u8111\u56ca\u866b\u75c5\u3001\u5c11\u7a81\u80f6\u8d28\u7624\u3001\u8111\u819c\u7624\u6216\u9885\u54bd\u7ba1\u7624\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u51fa\u8840\u6216\u9499\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9274\u522b\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c4 MRI\uff0c\u5305\u62ec T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u548c SWI\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u9499\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u975e\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u4f4e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u4f4d\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u5fae\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u5fae\u9499\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f4d\u6539\u53d8\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c0f\u75c5\u53d8\u901a\u5e38\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u76f8\u4f4d\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u72b6\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5927\u75c5\u53d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u4f4d\u5f62\u72b6\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5c42\u539a\u7b49\u6210\u50cf\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u96be\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u3002\u7c97\u9499\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 T1 \u8868\u9762\u6548\u5e94\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u75c5\u53d8\u5f88\u96be\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<p>CT \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u9499\u5316\u548c\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u5fae\u5f31\u6216\u5c0f\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u7535\u79bb\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u5bf9\u8840\u80bf\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\uff08\u6025\u6027\u8840\u80bf\uff09\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u9ad8\u94c1\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\uff08\u4e9a\u6025\u6027\u65e9\u671f\uff09\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u9ad8\u94c1\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff08\u4e9a\u6025\u6027\u665a\u671f\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5468\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u9ad3\u9798\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9499\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5728 QSM \u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9499\u5316\u548c\u51fa\u8840\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7528 QSM \u533a\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u548c\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u5fae\u51fa\u8840\u65f6\uff0cSWI \u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4 T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u66f4\u654f\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0cSWI \u548c QSM \u5bf9\u51fa\u8840\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc6\u522b\u9499\u5316\u548c\u51fa\u8840\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u533a\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u548c\u5206\u7ea7\u8111\u80bf\u7624\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c11\u7a81\u80f6\u8d28\u7624\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u7684\u7c97\u9499\u5316\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u9499\u5316\u5728 CT \u4e0a\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u6216\u70b9\u72b6\u7684\u9499\u5316\u5728 CT \u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528 MRI\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u533a\u5206\u9499\u5316\u548c\u5c0f\u51fa\u8840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff08Fig 5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 5. Oligodendroglioma in a 28-year-old man. (A) Axial CT image demonstrates a club-shaped calcification (arrow) in the&nbsp;left frontal lobe, which is a typical imaging finding in oligodendroglioma. (B) Axial T2*-weighted MR image shows faint low signal&nbsp;intensity (arrow) within the high signal intensity area. (C) QSM image demonstrates an area of definite low contrast (arrow), indicating calcification as a diamagnetic substance.<\/p>\n<p>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u80f6\u8d28\u7624\uff0c\u5982\u80f6\u8d28\u6bcd\u7ec6\u80de\u7624\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u3001\u80be\u764c\u548c\u80ba\u764c\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6027\u8111\u80bf\u7624\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u51fa\u8840\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1d\u4f10\u5355\u6297\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u751f\u957f\u56e0\u5b50\u6291\u5236\u5242\uff09\u7b49\u5316\u7597\u836f\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u9499\u5316\u3002QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u9499\u5316\u3002\u5982 Fig 6 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8111\u819c\u7624\u5728 QSM \u663e\u793a\u80bf\u7624\u5185\u9499\u5316\u548c\u51fa\u8840\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982 T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u3001SWI \u548c CT\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 6. Meningioma of neurofibromatosis type 2 in a 34-year-old woman. (A) Axial CT image shows a high-attenuation nodule&nbsp;close to the falx (arrowhead). (B) Axial T2*-weighted MR image shows an area of signal hypointensity (arrowhead), which is suggestive of calcification or hemorrhage. (C) Axial QSM image demonstrates mixed signal intensity with areas of low and high contrast,indicating the coexistence of calcification (white arrow) and hemorrhage (arrowhead). Additionally, the QSM image shows hemosiderin deposition in the medial left frontal lobe (black arrow).<\/p>\n<p>Physiologic Iron Deposition<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 QSM \u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u94c1\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u6c89\u79ef\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u3001\u9ed1\u8d28\u548c\u7ea2\u6838\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f53\u5185\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5faa\u73af\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5c4f\u969c\u4e0e\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7269\u7406\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5373\u8840\u8111\u5c4f\u969c\u548c\u8840\u8111\u810a\u6db2\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u94c1\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5168\u8f6c\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u8f6c\u8fd0\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c4f\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u661f\u5f62\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u83b7\u5f97\u8f6c\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u7ed3\u5408\u6216\u975e\u8f6c\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u94c1\uff0c\u5c0f\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u541e\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u56de\u6536\u94c1\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u94c1\u4e0e\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u4e00\u8d77\u50a8\u5b58\u3002\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u87af\u5408\u94c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u50a8\u5b58\u86cb\u767d\u3002\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u94c1\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u87af\u5408\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u8fc7\u94c1\u86cb\u767d\u4ece\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u94c1\u6c34\u5e73\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u94c1\u8c03\u8282\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u4fe1\u4f7f\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u7684\u94c1\u53cd\u5e94\u5143\u4ef6\u7ed3\u5408\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u901a\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u5f62\u6210\u94c1\u7a33\u6001\u3002\u94c1\u7a33\u6001\u5931\u8c03\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8870\u8001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u7070\u8d28\u548c\u767d\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff08Fig 7\uff09\u3002Aquino \u7b49\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c10 \u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e00\u81f4\u3002Li \u7b49\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u58f3\u6838\u3001\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u3001\u5c3e\u72b6\u6838\u3001\u7ea2\u6838\u548c\u9ed1\u8d28\u4e2d QSM \u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 30 \u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5373\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u7a33\u671f\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0b\u767d\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u8c46\u72b6\u6838\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u53cc\u76f8\u65f6\u95f4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u5148\u964d\u4f4e\u540e\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e 20 \u5c81\u4e4b\u524d\u6b63\u5e38\u5927\u8111\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9ad3\u9798\u6210\u719f\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 7. Age-related iron deposition in healthy individuals. Axial QSM images depict how the magnetic susceptibility of the basal&nbsp;ganglia and cerebellar dentate nuclei increases with age, with mild iron deposition at ages younger than 10 years old (y.o.) and welldefined iron deposition around the age of 20 years.Anatomic Imaging of the Brain<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u96be\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u6210\u50cf\u6765\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 QSM \u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3e\u72b6\u6838\u3001\u58f3\u6838\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u7b49\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u662f\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u79bb\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u3002\u4e18\u8111\u4e5f\u542b\u6709\u94c1\uff0c\u4e18\u8111\u7684\u524d\u6838\u3001\u80cc\u4e2d\u6838\u548c\u4e18\u8111\u6795\u542b\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u94c1\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff08Fig 8\uff09\u3002\u4e18\u8111\u5e95\u6838\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9ed1\u8d28\u6b63\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u6df1\u5ea6\u523a\u6fc0\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff08Fig 8\uff09\u3002QSM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u548c\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u566a\u58f0\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e0e SWI \u548c T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e18\u8111\u5e95\u6838\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\u7528\u4f5c\u5916\u79d1\u8f85\u52a9\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Figure 8. Brain anatomy in a healthy volunteer with high-resolution QSM at 3-T MRI (spatial resolution = 0.22 \u00d7 0.22 \u00d7 0.50 mm).&nbsp;(A\u2013E) Axial QSM images clearly show the caudate nucleus (1), putamen (2), globus pallidus (3), pulvinar (4), optic radiation (5), stria of Gennari (6), anterior nuclei of the thalamus (7), mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (8), substantia nigra (9), red nucleus (10),and transverse pontine fibers (11). (F) Coronal QSM image depicts the subthalamic nucleus (12) above the substantia nigra (9). [&nbsp;(A\u2013E)&nbsp;\u8f74\u4f4d QSM \u56fe\u50cf\u6e05\u6670\u663e\u793a \u5c3e\u72b6\u6838\uff081\uff09\u3001\u58f3\u6838\uff082\uff09\u3001\u82cd\u767d\u7403\uff083\uff09\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u6795\uff084\uff09\u3001\u89c6\u8f90\u5c04\uff085\uff09\u3001Gennari \u7eb9\uff086\uff09\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u524d\u6838\uff087\uff09\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u80cc\u4e2d\u6838\uff088\uff09\u3001\u9ed1\u8d28\uff089\uff09\u3001\u7ea2\u6838\uff0810\uff09\u548c\u6865\u6a2a\u7ea4\u7ef4\uff0811\uff09\u3002\uff08F\uff09 \u51a0\u72b6 QSM \u56fe\u50cf\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u9ed1\u8d28\uff089\uff09\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u4e18\u8111\u5e95\u6838\uff0812\uff09] \u521d\u7ea7\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u3001\u521d\u7ea7\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u3001\u542c\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u9ad8\u7684\u9ad3\u9798\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7565\u9ad8\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8111\u533a\u94c1\u548c\u9ad3\u9798\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u53ca\u94c1\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002Fig 8 \u6e05\u6670\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2dGennari \u7eb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6709\u9ad3\u8f74\u7a81\u5e26\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28\u810a\u9ad3\u675f\u3001\u5185\u56ca\u540e\u80a2\u548c\u89c6\u8f90\u5c04\u5728 QSM \u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u9ad3\u9798\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u540e\u9885\u7a9d\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u7ea2\u6838\u3001\u9ed1\u8d28\u548c\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6865\u8111\u7684\u6a2a\u5411\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u7ebf\u72b6\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76ae\u8d28\u548c\u767d\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u9ad3\u9798\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u989e\u53f6\u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b U \u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u662f\u76ae\u8d28\u7070\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u5230\u516b\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>QSM \u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6295\u5f71\uff08MIP\uff09\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u9759\u8109\u9020\u5f71\u56fe\u50cf\uff08Fig 9\uff09\u3002QSM \u9759\u8109\u9020\u5f71\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u5927\u9759\u8109\uff0c\u5982\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u5927\u8111\u5185\u9759\u8109\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u9ad3\u8d28\u9759\u8109\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6df1\u7070\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u9759\u8109\uff0c\u5982\u4e18\u8111\u7eb9\u72b6\u4f53\u548c\u7ec8\u7eb9\u9759\u8109\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5982\u5bf9\u6bd4\u589e\u5f3a GRE MR \u9759\u8109\u9020\u5f71\uff09\u663e\u793a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 9. High-resolution venography with MIP of venous-extracted high-resolution QSM at 3-T MRI (spatial&nbsp;resolution = 0.22 \u00d7 0.22 \u00d7 0.50 mm). Axial QSM venogram clearly reveals the following small veins: superficial medullary (1), deep medullary (2), septal (3), anterior caudate (4), thalamostriate (5), posterior caudate (6),stria terminalis (7), internal cerebral (8), direct lateral 9), and basal (10).[ \u8f74\u4f4d QSM \u9759\u8109\u9020\u5f71\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c0f\u9759\u8109\uff1a\u9ad3\u6d45\u9759\u8109\uff081\uff09\u3001\u9ad3\u6df1\u9759\u8109\uff082\uff09\u3001\u95f4\u9694\u9759\u8109\uff083\uff09\u3001\u5c3e\u72b6\u6838\u524d\u9759\u8109\uff084\uff09\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u7eb9\u72b6\u4f53\u9759\u8109\uff085\uff09\u3001\u5c3e\u72b6\u6838\u540e\u9759\u8109\uff086\uff09\u3001\u7ec8\u7eb9\u9759\u8109\uff087\uff09\u3001\u5927\u8111\u5185\u9759\u8109\uff088\uff09\u3001\u76f4\u5916\u4fa7\u9759\u8109\uff089\uff09\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u9759\u8109\uff0810\uff09\u3002] <\/p>\n<p>Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation<\/p>\n<p>\u94c1\u7a33\u6001\u5931\u8c03\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u708e\u75c7\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u53d8\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u884c\u4e3a\u7f3a\u9677\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f34\u6709\u8111\u94c1\u79ef\u805a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53d8\u6027\uff08NBIA\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u8fd0\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u82cd\u767d\u7403\uff0c\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e3b\u8981\u75c7\u72b6\u5305\u62ec\u65e9\u53d1\u6027\u808c\u5f20\u529b\u969c\u788d\u3001\u9525\u4f53\u548c\u9525\u4f53\u5916\u7cfb\u4f53\u5f81\u3001\u5171\u6d4e\u5931\u8c03\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u548c\u8f74\u7d22\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u53d8\u3002\u5f53\u5728 MRI \u4e0a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u94c1\u6c34\u5e73\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6000\u7591 NBIA\uff08\u5982 Fig 10 \u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 QSM \u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5c06\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u4e2d\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982 NBIA\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5e74\u9f84\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4e2d\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 10. NBIA 5 in an 8-year-old boy. (A) Axial T2*-weighted MR image shows no abnormality around the basal ganglia. (B) Axial&nbsp;T2*-weighted MR image shows focal hypointensity in the anterior part of the globus pallidus (arrowheads). (C) QSM image clearly&nbsp;demonstrates high contrast in the entire bilateral globus pallidus (arrows), suggesting abnormal iron deposition compared with that&nbsp;in healthy patients of the same age (see Fig 6)<\/p>\n<p>Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (Fahr Disease)<\/p>\n<p>CT \u68c0\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u9499\u5316\u5728\u9ad8\u8fbe 20% \u7684\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u6210\u5e74\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5076\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u5f88\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u9499\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u76ae\u8d28\u4e0b\u548c\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6000\u7591\u662f\u7279\u53d1\u6027\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u9499\u5316\u6216Fahr\u75c5\u3002CT \u4e0a\u4e0e\u9499\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6240\u6709\u533a\u57df\u5728 T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u4f4e\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u4f4e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u548c\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff08Fig 11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 11. Fahr disease or idiopathic basal ganglia calcification in a 32-year-old man. (A) Axial CT image shows high attenuation&nbsp;of the basal ganglia (arrow) and subcortical area (arrowhead). (B) Axial T2*-weighted MR image shows areas of low signal intensity&nbsp;in the subcortical area (arrowhead) and basal ganglia (arrow). (C) QSM image demonstrates low contrast in the subcortical lesion&nbsp;(arrowhead), indicating calcification, but the basal ganglia demonstrate high contrast (arrow), suggesting mineralization with paramagnetic inorganic substances.<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f02\u4f4d\u77ff\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u94c1\u3001\u94c5\u3001\u94dc\u548c\u9530\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9499\u6c89\u79ef\u3002\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u673a\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u538b\u5012\u4e86\u9499\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u53d8\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCT\u4e0a\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u9499\u5316\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u77ff\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65e0\u673a\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff0cQSM \u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206\u9499\u5316\u548c\u77ff\u5316\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u9499\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u75c5\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7ea2\u6591\u72fc\u75ae\uff08SLE\uff09\u3001Wilson \u75c5\u3001\u809d\u786c\u5316\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u548c\u5c0f\u8111\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u513f\u7ae5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u3001\u4e18\u8111\u548c\u767d\u8d28\uff09\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002Parkinson Disease and Diseases Manifesting with Parkinsonism<\/p>\n<p>\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5176\u75c5\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u7eb9\u72b6\u4f53\u901a\u8def\u4e2d\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u80fd\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u548c\u8def\u6613\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u75c5\u7406\u5206\u6790\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5927\u8111\u94c1\u6c34\u5e73\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9ed1\u8d28\uff0c\u8fc7\u91cf\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c27\u5316\u5e94\u6fc0\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002QSM \u5df2\u88ab\u79ef\u6781\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9ed1\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u4e5f\u6709\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 QSM \u548c R2* \u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cQSM \u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f02\u5e38\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4 R2* \u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u3002QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u75be\u75c5\u65e9\u671f\u9ed1\u8d28\u548c\u7ea2\u6838\u4e2d\u94c1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e QSM \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cQSM \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u75c5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u94c1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u8fdb\u5c55\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u840e\u7f29\uff0c\u5176\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u840e\u7f29\uff08MSA-P\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u5c0f\u8111\u5171\u6d4e\u5931\u8c03\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u840e\u7f29\uff08MSA-C\uff09\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u6838\u4e0a\u6027\u9ebb\u75f9\uff08PSP\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u5f80\u5f80\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bca\u65ad\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u3001\u9ed1\u8d28\u548c\u7ea2\u6838\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u533a\u5206\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u7684 QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u533a\u5206 MSA-P \u548c PSP\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 MSA-P \u4e2d\uff0c\u58f3\u6838\u540e\u4fa7\u90e8\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u800c PSP \u4e2d\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u663e\u8457\uff08Fig 12\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 12. Multiple system atrophy in a 67-year-old&nbsp;man with parkinsonism with left-sided predominance. QSM image shows high contrast in the lateral dorsal lesion in the right putamen (arrow), which is suggestive&nbsp;of a typical degenerative site in MSA-P. <\/p>\n<p>Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis<\/p>\n<p>\u808c\u840e\u7f29\u4fa7\u7d22\u786c\u5316\u75c7\uff08ALS\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u76ae\u8d28\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b ALS \u60a3\u8005\u5728 T2* \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u4f4e\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002QSM \u663e\u793a\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u9ad8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u6210\u4e3a ALS \u7684\u654f\u611f\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9884\u540e\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\uff08Fig 13\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d QSM \u7684\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8870\u8001\u548c\u6162\u6027\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u6897\u6b7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u4f34\u6709\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0cALS \u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u6bd4\u8870\u8001\u548c\u6897\u6b7b\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 13. ALS in a 42-year-old&nbsp;woman with slowly progressive&nbsp;muscle atrophy. (A) Axial QSM image demonstrates a high-contrast&nbsp;area (arrow) in the cortex of the&nbsp;left precentral gyrus. (B) Axial T2-weighted MR image demonstrates&nbsp;how the high-contrast area in A is&nbsp;difficult to depict with T2-weighted&nbsp;imaging (arrow). <\/p>\n<p>Alzheimer Disease<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u8001\u5e74\u6591\u5757\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u539f\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7f20\u7ed3\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u6591\u5757\u8fc7\u8f7d\u5bfc\u81f4\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u975e\u6d3b\u6027\u94c1\u5316\u5b66\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u6d3b\u6027\u94c1\u3002\u94c1\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d-\u03b2\u80bd\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u589e\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c27\u5316\u5e94\u6fc0\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u635f\u4f24\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 QSM \u5bf9\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8111\u94c1\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u8111\u94c1\u542b\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u9a6c\u3001\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u3001\u6954\u524d\u53f6\u548c\u4e18\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u03b2-\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u8f7b\u5ea6\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u6216\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0cQSM \u6240\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u6d77\u9a6c\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bc4\u5206\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e PET \u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d\u805a\u96c6\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cQSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u751f\u7269\u6807\u5fd7\u7269\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e34\u5e8a\u524d\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5\u6216\u4e0e\u03b2-\u6dc0\u7c89\u6837\u86cb\u767d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Multiple Sclerosis<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8131\u9ad3\u9798\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8111\u548c\u810a\u9ad3\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad3\u9798\u635f\u4f24\u3002QSM \u5df2\u88ab\u79ef\u6781\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u6162\u6027\u75c5\u53d8\u4e9a\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u94c1\u6ede\u7559\u3002\u9486\u57fa\u9020\u5f71\u5242\uff08GBCA\uff09\u589e\u5f3a\u7684 T1 \u52a0\u6743 MR \u6210\u50cf\u663e\u793a\u7684\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u53d8\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8840\u8111\u5c4f\u969c\u7684\u7834\u574f\u548c\u6025\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u6025\u6027\u671f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff08Fig 14\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 14. Multiple sclerosis in a 28-year-old woman with mild numbness in the right side of the body. (A, B) Axial fluid-attenuated&nbsp;inversion recovery (FLAIR) (A) and GBCA-enhanced T1-weighted (B) MR images show hyperintensity (arrow) in the left frontal lobe,indicating acute demyelination. (C) Axial QSM image shows no increase in the magnetic susceptibility of the lesion (arrow). <\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u8840\u8111\u5c4f\u969c\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\uff0c\u75c5\u53d8\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u6162\u6027\u671f\u3002\u6700\u521d\u51e0\uff08~4\uff09\u5e74\u7684\u6162\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u6027\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u53d8\u5728 QSM \u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\u73af\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5bcc\u542b\u94c1\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u5c0f\u80f6\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5de8\u566c\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u6563\u56de\u5230\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u767d\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\uff08Fig 15\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed QSM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u53d8\u5185\u708e\u75c7\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u662f\u6025\u6027\u6216 5 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u8868\u660e\u75c5\u7076\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u53d1\u75c5\u540e\u6570\u5468\u81f3\u6570\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\u95f4\u64ad\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\u810a\u9ad3\u708e\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\uff08NMOSD\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8131\u9ad3\u9798\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7\u65e9\u671f\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cNMOSD \u5728\u75c5\u53d8\u5468\u56f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u987a\u78c1\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u8870\u51cf\u53cd\u8f6c\u6062\u590d\uff08FLAIR\uff09\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206 NMOSD \u548c\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Figure 15. Multiple sclerosis in a&nbsp;66-year-old man. (A) Axial FLAIR&nbsp;MR image shows multiple hyperintense lesions in the periventricular&nbsp;white matter (arrow) and U-fiber lesions (arrowhead) with no changes&nbsp;on the follow-up images. (B) Axial&nbsp;QSM image demonstrates high&nbsp;contrast (arrow) or isocontrast (arrowhead). High-contrast lesions&nbsp;were estimated to be aged from&nbsp;several weeks to years (early-tointermediate disease). Lesions with&nbsp;isocontrast were estimated to be 5&nbsp;years old or older (chronic disease) Gadolinium Deposition<\/p>\n<p>GBCA \u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u5982\u8111\u80bf\u7624\u548c\u8131\u9ad3\u9798\u75be\u75c5\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u589e\u5f3a MRI\u3002\u9486\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u6700\u8fd1\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002Kanda\u7b49\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u7ebf\u6027GBCA \u4e0d\u5982\u5927\u73af GBCA \u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e T1 \u7f29\u77ed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u7684 T1 \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fde\u7eed\u7ebf\u6027 GBCA \u7ed9\u836f\u540e\u7684\u9486\u6c89\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u5927\u73af GBCA \u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9486\u5df2\u88ab\u75c5\u7406\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\u6c89\u79ef\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u87af\u5408\u7269\u7684\u9ad8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u9486\u6c89\u79ef\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728 T1 \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u7ed8\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9486\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9486\u6c89\u79ef\u65f6\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u9ad8\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u7528 QSM \u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u5c0f\u8111\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u3002QSM \u7684\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u533a\u57df\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fde\u7eed\u5927\u73af GBCA \u7ed9\u836f\u540e\u5c0f\u8111\u9f7f\u72b6\u6838\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u7403\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cQSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fde\u7eed GBCA \u7ed9\u836f\u540e\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u9486\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\uff0c\u800c T1 \u52a0\u6743\u6210\u50cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u7ed8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9486\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\u4ecd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Oxygen Extraction Fraction<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u4e0e\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u987a\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 SWI \u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8111\u9759\u8109\u8840\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u50cf\u3002QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9a\u91cf\u4f30\u8ba1\u9759\u8109\u8840\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6c27\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u548c\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u542b\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6c27-15 \u6807\u8bb0\u6c34\uff0815O-\u6c34\uff09PET \u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6c27\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u548c\u5927\u8111\u8840\u6d41\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6c27\u63d0\u53d6\u5206\u6570\uff08OEF\uff09\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u8111\u8840\u4f9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c27\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a misery perfusion\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 15O-\u6c34 PET \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f OEF \u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46 15O-\u6c34 PET \u5177\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6709\u9650\u3001\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u9ad8\u548c\u8f90\u5c04\u66b4\u9732\u7b49\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e QSM \u751f\u6210 OEF \u56fe\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u4e8e\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u6d53\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u9759\u8109\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8111\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002OEF \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6765\u81ea QSM \u7684\u9759\u8109\u63d0\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u9759\u8109\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982 Figures 16 and E3 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 16. Process steps of converting QSM into OEF mapping. The QSM-OEF process consists of the following steps: vein extraction from the QSM image by using an appropriate threshold (1) and estimation of OEF based on the venous susceptibility (2). <\/p>\n<p>Figure E3:&nbsp;Estimation of OEF by using QSM. To calculate the OEF from QSM, the vein is extracted from QSM, the volume of interest (VOI) is placed on the venous map, and the magnetic susceptibility is measured and assigned into this equation, where \u0394\u03c7 is the susceptibility difference between the average susceptibility of veins and surrounding tissue in each VOI, \u0394\u03c7do (= 0.45) is the susceptibility difference per hematocrit&nbsp;(Hct)&nbsp;unit between fully deoxygenated blood and fully oxygenated blood,&nbsp;Pv&nbsp;is a correction factor for partial volume effect (the value of&nbsp;Pv&nbsp;varies depending on the reconstruction conditions and VOI measurement),&nbsp;Y&nbsp;is venous oxygen saturation, and the OEF can be calculated by 1 \u2212&nbsp;Y.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u6162\u6027\u7f3a\u8840\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728 OEF \u5347\u9ad8\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0 QSM-OEF\u548c PET-OEF \u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u78c1\u573a\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c7-T MRI \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u4fa7\u9888\u5185\u52a8\u8109\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cQSM-OEF \u548c PET-OEF \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u66f4\u9ad8\uff08Fig 17\uff09\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u672f\u524d 7-T MR \u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684 QSM-OEF \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u5355\u4fa7\u9888\u5185\u52a8\u8109\u72ed\u7a84\u60a3\u8005\u9888\u52a8\u8109\u5185\u819c\u5207\u9664\u672f\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u8111\u8fc7\u5ea6\u704c\u6ce8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7ea2\u6591\u72fc\u75ae\u5728\u5e38\u89c4 MRI \u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8c22\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0cQSM-OEF \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7cbe\u795e\u6027 SLE \u75c5\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e SLE \u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e OEF \u5347\u9ad8\u662f\u5c0f\u8840\u7ba1\u53cd\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f SLE \u795e\u7ecf\u708e\u75c7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 17. Left middle cerebral artery occlusion in a 74-year-old man. (A) Axial partial MIP image from QSM at 7-T MRI shows&nbsp;enhanced cortical veins in the left cerebral hemisphere compared with those on the contralateral side, suggesting increased deoxyhemoglobin levels. (B) Axial QSM-OEF map shows elevated OEF values in the left cerebral hemisphere. (C) Axial 15O-water PET image&nbsp;also shows elevated OEF values in the left cerebral hemisphere. QSM Outside the Brain<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0cQSM \u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u5927\u8111\u5916\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cQSM \u91cd\u5efa\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u514b\u670d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u547c\u5438\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u548c\u8815\u52a8\u7b49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8102\u80aa\u5728 MRI \u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u632f\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8eab\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8102\u80aa\u9644\u8fd1\u533a\u57df\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4f2a\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u5c4f\u6c14\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6e90\u56fe\u50cf\uff08source image\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u5730\u505c\u6b62\u547c\u5438\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u91cd\u5efa\u8179\u90e8 QSM \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSharma\u7b49\u4eba\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u4f4d\u79fb\u7f16\u7801\u91cd\u5efa\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f30\u8ba1\u573a\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8102\u80aa\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f\u7eb3\u5165\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6620\u5c04\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u809d\u810f\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002Sato\u7b49\u4eba\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u6c34-\u8102\u80aa\u5206\u79bb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8102\u80aa\u533a\u57df\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u6e90\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6c34\u533a\u57df\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u9634\u5f71\u4f2a\u5f71\u3002\u5728\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8179\u90e8 QSM \u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u968f\u7740\u5c4f\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982 Figure 18 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 18. Axial QSM images in&nbsp;the abdomen obtained at the beginning of a breath hold (A) and after&nbsp;a 3-minute breath hold (B) show&nbsp;increased high contrast in the aorta&nbsp;(arrowhead) and inferior vena cava&nbsp;(arrow), reflecting the increase in&nbsp;deoxyhemoglobin level associated&nbsp;with breath holding. \u5173\u4e8e QSM \u5728\u5927\u8111\u4ee5\u5916\u533a\u57df\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u809d\u810f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1R2* \u4e0e\u809d\u810f\u94c1\u542b\u91cf\u3001\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5316\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u548c\u6c34\u80bf\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u75c5\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270 R2* \u5bf9\u809d\u810f\u94c1\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002QSM \u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4 R2* \u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5316\u548c\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002Figure 19 \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u809d\u786c\u5316\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u809d\u810f\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u660e\u663e\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u3002Figure 19. Liver cirrhosis. (A) Axial QSM image in a healthy volunteer shows that the magnetic susceptibility values of the liver and&nbsp;spleen are almost the same. (B) Axial QSM image in a 63-year-old man with liver cirrhosis depicts how the magnetic susceptibility of&nbsp;the liver parenchyma is heterogeneously elevated, suggesting iron deposition associated with liver cirrhosis. <\/p>\n<p>Azuma \u7b49\u4eba\u548c Ikebe \u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u9888\u52a8\u8109\u6591\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6591\u5757\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u548c\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f53\u5185\u548c\u4f53\u5916\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\uff08Figure 20\uff09\u3002\u9888\u52a8\u8109\u6591\u5757\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u4e0e\u6591\u5757\u7834\u88c2\u98ce\u9669\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5728\u9888\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u6591\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6a21\u6001\u662f\u8d85\u58f0\u548c\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u6027\u5e38\u89c4 MRI\uff08\u5373 T1 \u548c T2* \u52a0\u6743 MRI\uff09\u3002QSM \u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u9888\u52a8\u8109\u6591\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6591\u5757\u5185\u51fa\u8840\u3001\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u3001\u8102\u8d28\u3001\u574f\u6b7b\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u9499\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Figure 20. Left internal carotid artery stenosis in a&nbsp;68-year-old man. QSM image depicts a plaque with&nbsp;high contrast (arrow) that was found dorsally within&nbsp;the left internal carotid artery. Pathologic analysis revealed hemorrhagic plaque. <\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u62a5\u544a\u4f7f\u7528 QSM \u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc4\u4f30\u9aa8\u5173\u8282\u708e\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5173\u8282\u8f6f\u9aa8\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6f\u9aa8\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u53d8\u6216\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u7ec4\u5173\u8282\u8f6f\u9aa8\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u9aa8\u9abc\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7edd\u7ecf\u540e\u5987\u5973\uff08\u9aa8\u8d28\u758f\u677e\u8bc4\u4f30\uff09\u5b9a\u91cf CT \u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e QSM \u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 QSM \u5bf9\u5fc3\u8154\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u9759\u8109\u8840\u6c27\u9971\u548c\u5ea6\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80ce\u76d8\u6c27\u5408\u7684\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1b\u5e94\u7528 QSM \u5bf9\u80be\u76ae\u8d28\u548c\u9ad3\u8d28\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u9879\u5229\u7528 QSM \u7814\u7a76 CT \u4e0a\u524d\u5217\u817a\u5185\u9499\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 R2* \u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 QSM \u5728\u94c1\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>QSM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u7ec4\u7ec7\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u3002QSM \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5206\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u56e0\u679c\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u9ad3\u9798\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u9499\u5316\u6216\u51fa\u8840\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u94c1\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u8131\u6c27\u8840\u7ea2\u86cb\u767d\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u56fe\u50cf\u91cd\u5efa\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46 QSM \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3 SWI\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 QSM \u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\u94c1\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u9000\u884c\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u529f\u80fd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982 OEF\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u6027\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0cQSM \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u6613\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5404\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u89c9\u5f97\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u70e6\u8bf7\u79ef\u6781\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5e76\u70b9\u6587\u672b\u4e0b\u89d2\u201c\u5728\u770b\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a \u65e5\u672c\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u8bca\u65ad\u533b\u5b66\u79d1 Taisuke Harada \u6559\u6388 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/?p=36689\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-70"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36689"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36689\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zydq.1006ss.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}